@book {1187, title = {Advanced quantitative microbiology for foods and biosystems: models for predicting growth and inactivation}, year = {2006}, publisher = {CRC Press}, organization = {CRC Press}, author = {Peleg, Micha} } @article {bollin1985aerosols, title = {Aerosols containing Legionella pneumophila generated by shower heads and hot-water faucets.}, journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology}, volume = {50}, number = {5}, year = {1985}, pages = {1128{\textendash}1131}, publisher = {Am Soc Microbiol}, author = {Bollin, GE and Plouffe, JF and Para, Michael Francis and Hackman, B} } @article {1304, title = {Annual incidence, serotype distribution, and genetic diversity of human astrovirus isolates from hospitalized children in Melbourne, Australia}, year = {1996}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8784582}, author = {EA Palambo and RF Bishop} } @inbook {pretzel2013antiparasitic, title = {Antiparasitic peptides}, booktitle = {Yellow Biotechnology I}, year = {2013}, pages = {157{\textendash}192}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, author = {Pretzel, Jette and Mohring, Franziska and Rahlfs, Stefan and Becker, Katja} } @article {1868, title = {Are fecal indicator bacteria appropriate measures of recreational water risks in the tropics: a cohort study of beach goers in Brazil?}, journal = {Water research}, volume = {87}, year = {2015}, pages = {59{\textendash}68}, author = {Lamparelli, Claudia Cond{\'e} and Pogreba-Brown, Kristen and Verhougstraete, Marc and Sato, Maria In{\^e}s Zanoli and de Castro Bruni, Antonio and Wade, Timothy J and Eisenberg, Joseph NS} } @article {1621, title = {Assessing the infection risk of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in public drinking water delivered by surface water systems in Sao Paulo State, Brazil}, journal = {Science of the Total Environment}, volume = {442}, year = {2013}, chapter = {pp. 389-396}, author = {Sato, M I and Galvani, A T and Padula, J A and Nardocci, A C and Lauretto, Me S and Razzolini, M T and Hachich, E M} } @article {ccpe97, title = {Biological warfare: a historical perspective.}, journal = {JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association)}, volume = {278}, year = {1997}, pages = {412-417}, url = {http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/278/5/412.abstract}, author = {Christopher, G W and T J Cieslak and J A Pavlin and E M Eitzen} } @article {jsaotgtzpmqhfssmgsmghp01, title = {Bioterrorism Related Inhalational Anthrax: The First 10 Cases Reported in the United States}, journal = {Emerging Infectious Diseases}, volume = {7}, year = {2001}, pages = {933-944}, author = {Jernigan, J. A. and Stephens, D. S. and Ashford, D. A. and Omenaca, C. and Topiel, M. S> and Galbraith, M. and Tapper, M. and Zaki, S. and Popovic, T. and Meyer, R. F. and Quinn, C. P. and Harper, S. A. and Fridkin, S. K. and Sejvar, J. J. and Shepard, C. W. and McConnell, M. and Guarner, J. and Sheith, W-j. and Malecki, J. M. and Gerberding, J. L. and Hughes, J. M. and Perkins, B. A.} } @article {jernigan2001bioterrorism, title = {Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: the first 10 cases reported in the United States.}, journal = {Emerging infectious diseases}, volume = {7}, number = {6}, year = {2001}, pages = {933}, publisher = {Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}, author = {Jernigan, John A and Stephens, David S and Ashford, David A and Omenaca, Carlos and Topiel, Martin S and Galbraith, Mark and Tapper, Michael and Fisk, Tamara L and Zaki, Sherif and Popovic, Tanja} } @article {tribble2009campylobacter, title = {Campylobacter jejuni strain CG8421: a refined model for the study of Campylobacteriosis and evaluation of Campylobacter vaccines in human subjects}, journal = {Clinical infectious diseases}, volume = {49}, number = {10}, year = {2009}, pages = {1512{\textendash}1519}, publisher = {The University of Chicago Press}, author = {Tribble, David R and Baqar, Shahida and Carmolli, Marya P and Porter, Chad and Pierce, Kristen K and Sadigh, Katrin and Guerry, Patricia and Larsson, Catherine J and Rockabrand, David and Ventone, Cassandra H and others} } @article {tbcppsglrv, title = {Campylobacter jejuni strain CG8421: a refined model for the study of Campylobacteriosis and evaluation of Campylobacter vaccines in human subjects}, journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America}, volume = {49}, number = {10}, year = {2009}, pages = {1512-1519}, url = {http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN\&cpsidt=22121873}, author = {Tribble, D. R. and Baqar, S. and Carmolli, M. P. and Porter, C. and Pierce, K. K. and Sadigh, K. and Guerry, P. and Larsson, C. J. and Rockabrand, D. and Ventone, C. H. and others} } @article {tbcppsglrvpldfgdjrhdk09, title = {Campylobacter jejuni Strain CG8421: A Refined Model for the Study of Campylobacteriosis and Evaluation of Campylobacter Vaccines in Human Subjects}, journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases}, volume = {49}, year = {2009}, pages = {10}, author = {Tribble, D R and Baqar, S and Carmolli, M P and Porter, C and Pierce, K K and Sadigh, K and Guerry, P and Larsson, C J and Rockabrand, D and Ventone, C H and Poly, F and Lyon, C E and Dakdouk, S and Fingar, A and Gilliland, T and Daunais, P and Jones, E and Rymarchyk, S and Huston, C and Darsley, M and Kirkpatrick, B D} } @article {pbkwsms05, title = {Cell-Mediated Protection against Pulmonary Yersinia pestis Infection}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {73}, year = {2005}, pages = {11}, doi = {10.1128/IAI.73.11.7304-7310.2005}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1273885/}, author = {Parent, M A and Berggren, K N and Kummer, L W and Wilhelm, L B and Szaba, F M and Mullarky, I K and Smiley, S T} } @article {1320, title = {Cholera}, year = {2001}, doi = {10.1016/S1068-607X(00)00086-X}, author = {VK Parsi} } @article {1803, title = {Cohort Study of Guinean Children: Incidence, Pathogenicity, Conferred Protection, and Attributable Risk for Enteropathogens during the First 2 Years of Life}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, volume = {41}, year = {2003}, pages = {4238{\textendash}4245}, doi = {10.1128/JCM.41.9.4238-4245.2003}, url = {https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/JCM.41.9.4238-4245.2003}, author = {Valentiner-Branth, Palle and Steinsland, Hans and Fischer, Thea K. and Perch, Michael and Scheutz, Flemming and Dias, Francisco and Aaby, Peter and M{\o}lbak, K{\r a}re and Sommerfelt, Halvor} } @article {bedard2016combination, title = {Combination of heat shock and enhanced thermal regime to control the growth of a persistent Legionella pneumophila strain}, journal = {Pathogens}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, year = {2016}, pages = {35}, publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}, doi = {10.3390/pathogens5020035}, author = {B{\'e}dard, Emilie and Boppe, In{\`e}s and Kouam{\'e}, Serge and Martin, Philippe and Pinsonneault, Linda and Valiquette, Louis and Racine, Jules and Pr{\'e}vost, Mich{\`e}le} } @article {gdph, title = {Comparison of infectious dose of Listeria monocytogenes F5817 as determined for normal versus compromised C57B1/6J mice}, journal = {Journal of food protection}, volume = {52}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {10}, author = {Golnazarian, C A and Donnelly, C W and Pintauro, S J and Howard, D B} } @article {1750, title = {Crop pollination exposes honey bees to pesticides which alters their susceptibility to the gut pathogen Nosema ceranae}, year = {2013}, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0070182}, author = {JS Pettis} } @article {1198, title = {Cryptosporidiosis surveillance{\textendash}United States, 2011-2012; Giardiasis surveillance{\textendash}United States, 2011-2012}, journal = {Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries}, volume = {64}, year = {2015}, chapter = {1-14}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24806287}, author = {Painter, Julia E and Hlavsa, Michele C and Collier, Sarah A and Xiao, Lihua and Yoder, Jonathan S and Gargano, Julia W} } @book {1590, title = {Current Medical Diagnosis \& Treatment}, year = {2008}, pages = {pp. 1250-1252}, publisher = {McGraw-Hill Co}, organization = {McGraw-Hill Co}, edition = {47}, author = {Chambers, H F and McPhee, S J and Papadakis, M A and Tierney, L M} } @article {1856, title = {Defective Phagocytosis and Clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Lung Following Bone Marrow Transplantation}, journal = {The Journal of Immunology}, volume = {171}, year = {2003}, month = {2003/10/15/}, pages = {4416 - 4424}, abstract = {

Abstract Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an important therapeutic option for a variety of malignant and nonmalignant disorders. Unfortunately, BMT recipients are at increased risk of infection, and in particular, pulmonary complications occur frequently. Although the risk of infection is greatest during the neutropenic period immediately following transplant, patients are still vulnerable to pulmonary infections even after neutrophil engraftment. We evaluated the risk of infection in this postengraftment period by using a well-established mouse BMT model. Seven days after syngeneic BMT, B6D2F1 mice are no longer neutropenic, and by 3 wk, they demonstrate complete reconstitution of the peripheral blood. However, these mice remain more susceptible throughout 8 wk to infection after intratracheal administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; increased mortality in the P. aeruginosa-infected BMT mice correlates with increased bacterial burden in the lungs as well as increased systemic dissemination. This heightened susceptibility to infection was not secondary to a defect in inflammatory cell recruitment to the lung. The inability to clear P. aeruginosa in the lung correlated with reduced phagocytosis of the bacteria by alveolar macrophages (AMs), but not neutrophils, decreased production of TNF-α by AMs, and decreased levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following infection. Expression of the β2 integrins CD11a and CD11c was reduced on AMs from BMT mice compared with wild-type mice. Thus, despite restoration of peripheral blood count, phagocytic defects in the AMs of BMT mice persist and may contribute to the increased risk of infection seen in the postengraftment period.

}, isbn = {0022-1767, 1550-6606}, url = {https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/171/8/4416/35775/Defective-Phagocytosis-and-Clearance-of}, author = {Ojielo, Charles I. and Cooke, Kenneth and Mancuso, Pete and Standiford, Theodore J. and Olkiewicz, Krystyna M. and Clouthier, Shawn and Corrion, Leigh and Ballinger, Megan N. and Toews, Galen B. and Paine, Robert and Moore, Bethany B.} } @article {1917, title = {Defective phagocytosis and clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lung following bone marrow transplantation}, journal = {The Journal of Immunology}, volume = {171}, year = {2003}, pages = {4416{\textendash}4424}, author = {Ojielo, Charles I and Cooke, Kenneth and Mancuso, Pete and Standiford, Theodore J and Olkiewicz, Krystyna M and Clouthier, Shawn and Corrion, Leigh and Ballinger, Megan N and Toews, Galen B and Paine, Robert and others} } @article {weir2017development, title = {Development of a microbial dose response visualization and modelling application for QMRA modelers and educators}, journal = {Environmental Modelling \& Software}, volume = {88}, year = {2017}, pages = {74{\textendash}83}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Weir, Mark H and Mitchell, Jade and Flynn, William and Pope, Joanna M} } @book {wmfp, title = {Development of a Microbial Dose Response Visualization and Modelling Application for QMRA Modelers and Educators}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Environmental Modelling and Software}, organization = {Environmental Modelling and Software}, author = {Weir, M. H. and Mitchell, J. and Flynn, W. B. and Pope, J. M.} } @article {gabdfamp86, title = {Diarrhoea in Mice Infected with a Human Rotavirus}, journal = {Journal of General Virology}, volume = {67}, year = {1986}, pages = {3}, author = {Gouvea, V. S. and Alencar, A. A. and Barth, O. M. and Castro L. de and Fialho, A. M. and Ara{\~A}{\textordmasculine}jo, H. P. and Majerowicz, S. and Pereira, H. G.} } @article {1887, title = {Do US Environmental Protection Agency water quality guidelines for recreational waters prevent gastrointestinal illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Environmental health perspectives}, volume = {111}, year = {2003}, pages = {1102{\textendash}1109}, author = {Wade, Timothy J and Pai, Nitika and Eisenberg, Joseph NS and Colford Jr, John M} } @article {1560, title = {Do US EPA water quality guidelines for recreational waters prevent gastrointestinal illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis}, journal = {Environmental Health Perspectives}, volume = {111}, year = {2003}, chapter = {pp. 1102-1109}, author = {Wade, T J and Pai, N and Eisenberg, J N S and Colford, J M} } @article {powell_dose-response_nodate, title = {Dose-{Response} {Envelope} for {Escherichia} coli}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {24}, abstract = {Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an emerging food and waterborne pathogen in the U.S. and internationally. The objective of this work was to develop a dose-response model for illness by this organism that bounds the uncertainty in the dose-response relationship. No human clinical trial data are available for E. coli O157:H7, but such data are available for two surrogate pathogens: enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Shigella dysenteriae. E. coli O157:H7 outbreak data provide an initial estimate of the most likely value of the dose-response relationship within the bounds of an envelope de{\textregistered}ned by beta-Poisson dose-response models {\textregistered}t to the EPEC and S. dysenteriae data. The most likely value of the median effective dose for E. coli O157:H7 is estimated to be approximately 190 000 colony forming units (cfu). At a dose level of 100 cfu, the median response predicted by the model is six percent.}, author = {Powell, Mark R and Ebel, Eric and Schlosser, Wayne and Walderhaug, Mark and Kause, Janell} } @article {p00, title = {Dose-response envelope for Escherichia coli}, journal = {Quantitative Microbiology}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, year = {2000}, pages = {141-163}, author = {Powell, Mark R. and others} } @article {p00, title = {Dose-response envelope for Escherichia coli O157:H7}, journal = {Quantitative Microbiology}, volume = {2}, year = {2000}, pages = {141-163}, url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/k3t3768n75w16246/fulltext.pdf}, author = {Powell, M R and Eric Ebel and Wayne Schlosser and Mark Walderhaug and Janell Kause} } @article {1223, title = {Effect of a boil water notice on behaviour in the management of a water contamination incident}, journal = {Communicable Disease and Public Health}, volume = {3}, year = {2000}, pages = {56{\textendash}59}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10743321/ }, author = {O{\textquoteright}Donnell, M and Platt, C and Aston, R} } @article {1826, title = {Effect of dose and a comparison of measures of vaccine take for oral rhesus rotavirus vaccine. The Maryland Clinical Studies Group.}, journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal}, volume = {9}, year = {1990}, pages = {339{\textendash}344}, author = {Pichichero, Michael E and Losonsky, GENEVIEVE A and Rennels, MARGARET B and Disney, FRANK A and Green, JOHN L and Francis, ANNE B and Marsocci, STEVEN M} } @article {skp76, title = {Effect of vaccination schedule on immune response of Macaca mulatta to cell culture-grown Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccine}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, volume = {4}, year = {1976}, pages = {3}, author = {Sammons, L S and Kenyon, R H and Pedersen, C E} } @article {fbnsp74, title = {Epidemiology of Salmonella typhi Infection in a Migrant Labor Camp in Dade County, Florida}, journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases}, volume = {130}, year = {1974}, pages = {4}, author = {Feldman, R. E. and Baine, W. B. and Nitzkin, J. L. and Saslaw, M. S. and Pollard, R. A.} } @article {1890, title = {Evaluation of public health risks at recreational beaches in Lake Michigan via detection of enteric viruses and a human-specific bacteriological marker}, journal = {Water research}, volume = {43}, year = {2009}, pages = {1137{\textendash}1149}, author = {Wong, Mark and Kumar, Lekha and Jenkins, Tracie M and Xagoraraki, Irene and Phanikumar, Mantha S and Rose, Joan B} } @article {1477, title = {Evaluation of the Effect of Temperature on the Die-Off Rate for Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in Water, Soils, and Feces}, journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology}, volume = {74}, year = {2008}, chapter = {pp. 7101-7107}, author = {Peng, X and Murphy, T and N M Holden} } @article {pkm86, title = {Experimental infection of infant rabbits with verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {51}, year = {1986}, pages = {1}, author = {Pai, C. H. and Kelly, J. K. and Meyers, G. L.} } @article {apml80, title = {Experimental infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes and L. innocua}, journal = {Annales de microbiologie.}, volume = {131}, year = {1980}, author = {Audurier, A and Pardon, P and Marly, J and Lantier, F} } @article {cmpgpvhkd88, title = {Field trial of rhesus rotavirus vaccine in infants}, journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal}, volume = {7}, year = {1988}, pages = {9}, author = {Christy, C. and Madore, H. P. and Pichichero, M. E. and Gala, C. and Pincus, P. and Vosefski, D. and Hoshino, Y. and Kapikian, A. and Dolin, R.} } @article {1806, title = {Global Illness and Deaths Caused by Rotavirus Disease in Children}, journal = {Emerging Infectious Diseases}, volume = {9}, year = {2003}, pages = {565{\textendash}572}, abstract = {To estimate the global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease, we reviewed studies published from 1986 to 2000 on deaths caused by diarrhea and on rotavirus infections in children. We assessed rotavirus-associated illness in three clinical settings (mild cases requiring home care alone, moderate cases requiring a clinic visit, and severe cases requiring hospitalization) and death rates in countries in different World Bank income groups. Each year, rotavirus causes approximately 111 million episodes of gastroenteritis requiring only home care, 25 million clinic visits, 2 million hospitalizations, and 352,000{\textendash}592,000 deaths (median, 440,000 deaths) in children {\textless}5 years of age. By age 5, nearly every child will have an episode of rotavirus gastroenteritis, 1 in 5 will visit a clinic, 1 in 60 will be hospitalized, and approximately 1 in 293 will die. Children in the poorest countries account for 82\% of rotavirus deaths. The tremendous incidence of rotavirus disease underscores the urgent need for interventions, such as vaccines, to prevent childhood deaths in developing nations.}, issn = {1080-6040}, doi = {10.3201/eid0905.020562}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2972763/}, author = {Parashar, Umesh D. and Hummelman, Erik G. and Bresee, Joseph S. and Miller, Mark A. and Glass, Roger I.} } @article {1204, title = {Hospital-associated outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a serologic, epidemiologic, and clinical description}, journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases}, volume = {59}, year = {2014}, pages = {1225{\textendash}1233}, doi = {10.1093/cid/ciu359}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4834865/ }, author = {Al-Abdallat, Mohammad Mousa and Payne, Daniel C and Alqasrawi, Sultan and Rha, Brian and Tohme, Rania A and Abedi, Glen R and Al Nsour, Mohannad and Iblan, Ibrahim and Jarour, Najwa and Farag, Noha H and others} } @article {hpawpgn09, title = {Immunity to {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}Campylobacter{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}: its role in risk assessment and epidemiology}, journal = {Critical Reviews in Microbiology}, year = {2009}, pages = {1-22}, url = {http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408410802636017?select23=Choose}, author = {Havelaar, A. H. and Pelt, W. and Ang, C. W. and Wagenaar, J. A. and Putten, J. P. and Gross, U. and Newell, D. G.} } @article {ombkpj06, title = {Immunological and Molecular Characterization of Susceptibility in Relationship to Bacterial Strain Differences in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection in the Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {74}, year = {2006}, pages = {6}, author = {O{\^a}€™Brien, R. and Mackintosh, C. G. and Bakker, D. and Kopecna, M. and Pavlik, I. and Griffin Jft} } @article {ombkpg06, title = {Immunological and molecular characterization of susceptibility in relationship to bacterial strain differences in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in the red deer (Cervus elaphus)}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {74}, year = {2006}, pages = {3530}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16714585}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Brien, R and Mackintosh, C G and Bakker, D and Kopecna, M and Pavlik, I and Griffin, J F} } @article {bbjkpnt, title = {Incidence of Bacteremic Melioidosis in Eastern and Northeastern Thailand}, journal = {The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, volume = {85}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, pages = {1}, doi = {10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0070}, url = {http://www.ajtmh.org/content/85/1/117}, author = {Bhengsri, S. and Baggett, H. C. and Jorakate, P. and Kaewpan, A. and Prapasiri, P. and Naorat, S. and Thamthitiwat, S. and others} } @article {hassan2010incidence, title = {Incidence, risk factors and clinical epidemiology of melioidosis: a complex socio-ecological emerging infectious disease in the Alor Setar region of Kedah, Malaysia}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, pages = {302}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, author = {Hassan, Muhammad RA and Pani, Subhada P and Peng, Ng P and Voralu, Kirtanaa and Vijayalakshmi, Natesan and Mehanderkar, Ranjith and Aziz, Norasmidar A and Michael, Edwin} } @article {hppvvmam10, title = {Incidence, risk factors and clinical epidemiology of melioidosis: a complex socio-ecological emerging infectious disease in the Alor Setar region of Kedah, Malaysia}, journal = {BMC Infectious Diseases}, volume = {10}, year = {2010}, pages = {302}, url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/content/pdf/1471-2334-10-302.pdf}, author = {Muhammad R. A. Hassan and Subhada P. Pani and Ng P. Peng and Kirtanaa Voralu and Natesan Vijayalakshmi and Ranjith Mehanderkar and Norasmidar A. Aziz and Edwin Michael} } @article {1556, title = {Incorporating susceptible subpopulations in microbial risk assessment: Pediatric exposures to enteroviruses in river water}, journal = {Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology}, volume = {13}, year = {2003}, chapter = {pp. 161-168}, author = {Parkins, R T and Soller, J A and Olivieri, A W} } @article {pp, title = {Indoor Air Pollution}, journal = {The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry}, volume = {4F}, year = {2004}, author = {Pluschke, P.} } @article {moore2006introduction, title = {Introduction of monochloramine into a municipal water system: impact on colonization of buildings by Legionella spp.}, journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology}, volume = {72}, number = {1}, year = {2006}, pages = {378{\textendash}383}, publisher = {Am Soc Microbiol}, author = {Moore, Matthew R and Pryor, Marsha and Fields, Barry and Lucas, Claressa and Phelan, Maureen and Besser, Richard E} } @article {1926, title = {Isolation and Characterization of a New Phage Infecting Elizabethkingia anophelis and Evaluation of Its Therapeutic Efficacy in vitro and in vivo}, journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Elizabethkingia spp. are a group of non-fermentative, Gram-negative, catalase-positive, and non-motile bacilli. They can cause meningitis in neonates and immunosuppressed patients, and lead to high mortality. Considering the rising trend of drug resistance among bacteria pathogens, bacteriophage (phage) therapy is a potential alternative to antibiotics for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, so far, no phages specific for Elizabethkingia spp. have been reported. Using a clinically isolated Elizabethkingia anophelis as the host, the phage TCUEAP1 was isolated from wastewater of Hualien Tzu Chi hospital. The phage particle of TCUEAP1 under electron microscopy was revealed to belong to the siphoviridae family, with a head size of 47 nm, and a tail dimension 12 nm in diameter and 172 nm in length. The one-step growth analysis showed that the latent period of TCUEAP1 was about 40 min with a rise period lasting about 20 min, yielding a burst size of approximately 10 PFU/cell. The adsorption rate of TCUEAP1 reached about 70\% in 20 min. Using 20 isolates of Elizabethkingia spp. to test the host range of TCUEAP1, it displayed narrow spectrum infecting three strains of E. anophelis, but forming spot lysis on 16 strains. The sequence result showed that the genome of TCUEAP1 is a double-stranded DNA of 49,816 bp, containing 73 predicted open reading frames. Further genomic analysis showed TCUEAP1 to be a new phage with no resemblance to publicly available phage genomes. Finally, in a mouse intraperitoneal infection model, at 6 h after the bacterial injection, TCUEAP1 decreased the bacterial load by fivefold in blood. Also, TCUEAP1 rescued 80\% of mice heavily infected with E. anophelis from lethal bacteremia. We hope that the isolation and characterization of TCUEAP1, the first phage infecting Elizabethkingia spp., can promote more studies of the phages targeting this newly emerging bacterial pathogen.

}, issn = {1664-302X}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00728}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00728}, author = {Peng, Shih-Yi and Chen, Li-Kuang and Wu, Wen-Jui and Paramita, Prajna and Yang, Po-Wei and Li, Yun-Zhong and Lai, Meng-Jiun and Chang, Kai-Chih} } @article {pmlelb, title = {Le Pendu J and Calderon RL (2008) Norwalk virus: How infectious is it?}, journal = {Journal of Medical Virology}, volume = {80}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {8}, author = {Teunis Pfm and Moe, C. L. and Liu, P. and E. Miller, S and Lindesmith, L. and Baric, R. S.} } @article {zhang2009legionella, title = {Legionella control by chlorine dioxide in hospital water systems}, journal = {American Water Works Association. 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Recombinant severe acute respiratory virus (SARS-CoV) variants lacking the group specific genes 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b and 9b (rSARS-CoV-Delta[6-9b]), the structural gene E (rSARS-CoV-DeltaE), and a combination of both sets of genes (rSARS-CoV-Delta[E,6-9b]) have been generated. All these viruses were rescued in monkey (Vero E6) cells and were also infectious for human (Huh-7, Huh7.5.1 and CaCo-2) cell lines and for transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the SARS-CoV receptor human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (hACE-2), indicating that none of these proteins is essential for the viral cycle. Furthermore, in Vero E6 cells, all the viruses showed the formation of particles with the same morphology as the wt virus, indicating that these proteins do not have a high impact in the final morphology of the virions. Nevertheless, in the absence of E protein, release of virus particles efficacy was reduced. Viruses lacking E protein grew about 100-fold lower than the wt virus in lungs of Tg infected mice but did not grow in the brains of the same animals, in contrast to the rSARS-CoV-Delta[6-9b] virus, which grew almost as well as the wt in both tissues. Viruses lacking E protein were highly attenuated in the highly sensitive hACE-2 Tg mice, in contrast to the minimal rSARS-CoV-Delta[6-9b] and wt viruses. These data indicate that E gene might be a virulence factor influencing replication level, tissue tropism and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV, suggesting that DeltaE attenuated viruses are promising vaccine candidates.

}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2008.03.005}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004268220800175X}, author = {DeDiego, M L and Pewe, L and Alvarez, E and Rejas, M T and Perlman, S and Enjuanes, L} } @article {1211, title = {Pathogenicity of severe acute respiratory coronavirus deletion mutants in hACE-2 transgenic mice}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {376}, year = {2008}, pages = {379{\textendash}389}, author = {DeDiego, Marta L and Pewe, Lecia and Alvarez, Enrique and Rejas, Maria Teresa and Perlman, Stanley and Enjuanes, Luis} } @article {1673, title = {Pathogens and indicators in United States Class B biosolids: National and historic distributions}, year = {2010}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21284317}, author = {IL Pepper and JP Brooks} } @article {1872, title = {Performance of CHROMagar{\texttrademark} Staph aureus and CHROMagar{\texttrademark} MRSA for detection of Staphylococcus aureus in seawater and beach sand{\textendash}Comparison of culture, agglutination, and molecular analyses}, journal = {Water Research}, volume = {43}, year = {2009}, pages = {4802{\textendash}4811}, author = {Goodwin, KD and Pobuda, M} } @article {1730, title = {Persistence of viral pathogens and bacteriophages during sewage treatment: lack of correlation with indicator bacteria}, year = {2001}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11686388}, author = {F Baggi and A Demarta and R Peduzzi} } @article {1391, title = {Phage Therapy: a Step Forward in the Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections}, year = {2015}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972556}, author = {DP Pires and DV Boas} } @article {altboum2002postexposure, title = {Postexposure prophylaxis against anthrax: evaluation of various treatment regimens in intranasally infected guinea pigs}, journal = {Infection and immunity}, volume = {70}, number = {11}, year = {2002}, pages = {6231{\textendash}6241}, publisher = {Am Soc Microbiol}, author = {Altboum, Zeev and Gozes, Yehoshua and Barnea, Ada and Pass, Avi and White, Moshe and Kobiler, David} } @article {agbpwk02, title = {Postexposure prophylaxis against anthrax: Evaluation of various treatment regimes in intranasally infected guinea pigs}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {70}, number = {1}, year = {2002}, pages = {6231-6241}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC130326/}, author = {Altboum, Z. and Gozes, Y. and Barnea, A. and Pass, A. and White, M. and Kobiler, D.} } @article {agbpwk02, title = {Postexposure Prophylaxis against Anthrax: Evaluation of Various Treatment Regimens in Intranasally Infected Guinea Pigs}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {70}, year = {2002}, pages = {11}, author = {Altboum, Z. and Gozes, Y. and Barnea, A. and Pass, A. and White, M. and Kobiler, D.} } @article {conlon_predictors_1996, title = {Predictors of prognosis and risk of acute renal failure in patients with {Rocky} {Mountain} spotted fever}, journal = {The American Journal of Medicine}, volume = {101}, number = {6}, year = {1996}, note = {Publisher: Elsevier}, pages = {621{\textendash}626}, abstract = {{\textless}h3{\textgreater}Background{\textless}/h3{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}Acute renal failure has long been associated with severe Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Despite many descriptions of the protean manifestations of this disease, relatively little is known concerning the risk factors for acute renal failure. Only a few studies have examined the outcome of patients infected with \textit{Rickettsia rickettsii} who develop renal insufficiency, and these studies had methodological problems.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}h3{\textgreater}Objective{\textless}/h3{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}To study the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of acute renal failure in a large group of hospitalized patients with definite or probable RMSF.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}h3{\textgreater}Methods{\textless}/h3{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}The clinical records of 114 patients with definite or probable RMSF were retrospectively reviewed to identify clinical and biochemical abnormalities at the time of admission that were associated with the development of acute renal failure and subsequent mortality. Renal failure was defined as a serum creatinine (Cr) above 2 mg/dL. Logistic regression was used to study the association between these variables and the outcomes during hospitalization: death and the development of acute renal failure.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}h3{\textgreater}Results{\textless}/h3{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}The mortality rate in this series was 14\%; 19\% of the patients developed acute renal failure. The development of acute renal failure increased the odds ratio (OR) of dying by a factor of 17 (\textit{P} = 0.001). Factors at the time of hospitalization that were associated at a univariate level with subsequent mortality included elevated serum Cr, increased age, increased level of AST, increased level of bilirubin, decreased serum sodium and platelet count, the presence of neurological involvement, and being male. Both the presence of neurological involvement and an elevated serum Cr at presentation were independently associated with increased mortality by multivariate analysis. Three patients developed acute renal failure that required hemodialysis, and only 1 of these 3 patients survived; he was ultimately discharged with a normal serum Cr. Factors at presentation that were associated with the development of acute renal failure included increased bilirubin, increasing age, thrombocytopenia, and the presence of neurological involvement. Both age and decreased platelet count at presentation were independently associated with the development of acute renal failure by multivariate analysis.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}h3{\textgreater}Conclusion{\textless}/h3{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}Acute renal failure was a frequent complication of RMSF in this series of patients from a tertiary referral medical center. The presence of acute renal failure was strongly associated with death. 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