@article {chnwm93, title = {The 1990-1991 outbreak of melioidosis in the Northern Territory of Australia: clinical aspects}, journal = {The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health}, volume = {24}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {3}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8160049}, author = {Currie, B. and Howard, D. and Nguyen, V. T. and Withnall, K. and Merianos, A.} } @article {1463, title = {A 4-year study of the epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae in four rural areas of Bangladesh}, journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases}, volume = {187}, year = {2003}, chapter = {pp. 96{\textendash}101}, author = {Sack, R B and Siddique, A K and Longini, I M Jr and Nizam, A and Yunus, M and Islam, M S and Morris, J G Jr and Ali, A and Huq, A and Nair, G B and Qadri, F and Faruque, S M and Sack, D A and Colwell, R R} } @article {1950, title = {Acanthamoeba spp. as Agents of Disease in Humans}, journal = {Clinical Microbiology Reviews}, volume = {16}, year = {2003}, pages = {273-307}, abstract = {

Acanthamoeba spp. are free-living amebae that inhabit a variety of air, soil, and water environments. However, these amebae can also act as opportunistic as well as nonopportunistic pathogens. They are the causative agents of granulomatous amebic encephalitis and amebic keratitis and have been associated with cutaneous lesions and sinusitis. Immuno compromised individuals, including AIDS patients, are particularly susceptible to infections with Acanthamoeba. The immune defense mechanisms that operate against Acanthamoeba have not been well characterized, but it has been proposed that both innate and acquired immunity play a role. The ameba{\textquoteright}s life cycle includes an active feeding trophozoite stage and a dormant cyst stage. Trophozoites feed on bacteria, yeast, and algae. However, both trophozoites and cysts can retain viable bacteria and may serve as reservoirs for bacteria with human pathogenic potential. Diagnosis of infection includes direct microscopy of wet mounts of cerebrospinal fluid or stained smears of cerebrospinal fluid sediment, light or electron microscopy of tissues, in vitro cultivation of Acanthamoeba, and histological assessment of frozen or paraffin-embedded sections of brain or cutaneous lesion biopsy material. Immunocytochemistry, chemifluorescent dye staining, PCR, and analysis of DNA sequence variation also have been employed for laboratory diagnosis. Treatment of Acanthamoeba infections has met with mixed results. However, chlorhexidine gluconate, alone or in combination with propamidene isethionate, is effective in some patients. Furthermore, effective treatment is complicated since patients may present with underlying disease and Acanthamoeba infection may not be recognized. Since an increase in the number of cases of Acanthamoeba infections has occurred worldwide, these protozoa have become increasingly important as agents of human disease.

}, doi = {10.1128/cmr.16.2.273-307.2003}, url = {https://journals.asm.org/doi/abs/10.1128/cmr.16.2.273-307.2003}, author = {Francine Marciano-Cabral and Guy Cabral} } @book {1458, title = {Acute enteric infections in children}, series = {New prospects for treatment and prevention}, year = {1981}, publisher = {Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press}, organization = {Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Levine, M M and R E Black and M L Clements and D R Nalin and L Cisneros and R A Finkelstein} } @article {1266, title = {Adenoviruses}, year = {2010}, url = {https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/hcp/clinical-overview.html}, author = {Centers for Disease Control Prevention} } @article {sc66, title = {Aerosol Infection of Monkeys with Rickettsia Rickettsi}, journal = {Bacteriological Reviews}, volume = {30}, number = {3}, year = {1966}, pages = {636-644}, url = {http://mmbr.asm.org/content/30/3/636.full.pdf}, author = {Saslaw, S. and Carlisle, H. N.} } @article {sc66, title = {Aerosol infection of monkeys with Rickettsia rickettsii}, journal = {Bacteriological Reviews}, volume = {30}, year = {1966}, pages = {3}, author = {Saslaw, S and Carlisle, H N} } @article {cfs03, title = {A/J Mice Are Susceptible and C57BL/6 Mice Are Resistant to Listeria monocytogenes}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {71}, year = {2003}, pages = {2}, author = {Czuprynski, C J and Faith, N G and Steinberg, H} } @article {1349, title = {Aquaculture: Environmental, toxicological, and health issues. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health}, year = {2009}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.08.003}, author = {DW Cole and R Cole and SJ Gaydos} } @article {hines2014assessment, title = {Assessment of relative potential for Legionella species or surrogates inhalation exposure from common water uses}, journal = {Water research}, volume = {56}, year = {2014}, pages = {203{\textendash}213}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Hines, Stephanie A and Chappie, Daniel J and Lordo, Robert A and Miller, Brian D and Janke, Robert J and Lindquist, H Alan and Fox, Kim R and Ernst, Hiba S and Taft, Sarah C} } @article {tbsotrwcwgbmab10, title = {Assessment of the Duration of Protection in Campylobacter jejuni Experimental Infection in Humans}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {78}, year = {2010}, pages = {4}, author = {Tribble, D R and Baqar, S and Scott, D A and Oplinger, M L and Trespalacios, F and Rollins, D and Walker, R I and Clements, J D and Walz, S and Gibbs, P and Burg, E F and Moran, A P and Applebee, L and Bourgeois, A L} } @article {klcr79, title = {Astrovirus infection in volunteers}, journal = {Journal of medical virology}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {3}, author = {Kurtz, J. B. and Lee, T. W. and Craig, J. W. and Reed, S. E.} } @article {wc82, title = {Biological and immunological properties of Coxiella burnetii vaccines in C57BL/1OScN endotoxin-nonresponder mice}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {35}, number = {3}, year = {1982}, pages = {1091-1102}, author = {Williams, J C and Cantrell, J L} } @article {wc82, title = {Biological and immunological properties of Coxiella burnetii vaccines in C57BL/10ScN endotoxin-nonresponder mice}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {35}, year = {1982}, pages = {3}, author = {Williams, J. C. and Cantrell, J. L.} } @article {ccpe97, title = {Biological warfare: a historical perspective.}, journal = {JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association)}, volume = {278}, year = {1997}, pages = {412-417}, url = {http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/278/5/412.abstract}, author = {Christopher, G W and T J Cieslak and J A Pavlin and E M Eitzen} } @article {1618, title = {Biology and epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in man and animals}, journal = {Animal Health Research Reviews}, volume = {6}, year = {2005}, author = {Hill, D E and Chirukandoth, S and Dubey, J} } @article {1189, title = {On calculating sterility in thermal preservation methods: application of the Weibull frequency distribution model}, journal = {International journal of food microbiology}, volume = {72}, year = {2002}, pages = {107{\textendash}113}, author = {Mafart, Pierre and Couvert, Olivier and Gaillard, St{\'e}phane and Legu{\'e}rinel, Ivan} } @article {tribble2009campylobacter, title = {Campylobacter jejuni strain CG8421: a refined model for the study of Campylobacteriosis and evaluation of Campylobacter vaccines in human subjects}, journal = {Clinical infectious diseases}, volume = {49}, number = {10}, year = {2009}, pages = {1512{\textendash}1519}, publisher = {The University of Chicago Press}, author = {Tribble, David R and Baqar, Shahida and Carmolli, Marya P and Porter, Chad and Pierce, Kristen K and Sadigh, Katrin and Guerry, Patricia and Larsson, Catherine J and Rockabrand, David and Ventone, Cassandra H and others} } @article {tbcppsglrv, title = {Campylobacter jejuni strain CG8421: a refined model for the study of Campylobacteriosis and evaluation of Campylobacter vaccines in human subjects}, journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America}, volume = {49}, number = {10}, year = {2009}, pages = {1512-1519}, url = {http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN\&cpsidt=22121873}, author = {Tribble, D. R. and Baqar, S. and Carmolli, M. P. and Porter, C. and Pierce, K. K. and Sadigh, K. and Guerry, P. and Larsson, C. J. and Rockabrand, D. and Ventone, C. H. and others} } @article {tbcppsglrvpldfgdjrhdk09, title = {Campylobacter jejuni Strain CG8421: A Refined Model for the Study of Campylobacteriosis and Evaluation of Campylobacter Vaccines in Human Subjects}, journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases}, volume = {49}, year = {2009}, pages = {10}, author = {Tribble, D R and Baqar, S and Carmolli, M P and Porter, C and Pierce, K K and Sadigh, K and Guerry, P and Larsson, C J and Rockabrand, D and Ventone, C H and Poly, F and Lyon, C E and Dakdouk, S and Fingar, A and Gilliland, T and Daunais, P and Jones, E and Rymarchyk, S and Huston, C and Darsley, M and Kirkpatrick, B D} } @article {1616, title = {Cats and Toxoplasma: implications for public health}, journal = { Zoonoses and Public Health}, volume = {57}, year = {2010}, chapter = {pp. 34-52}, author = {Dabritz, H and Conrad, P} } @article {1486, title = {Characterization of infectious aerosols in health care facilities: An aid to effective engineering controls and preventative strategies}, journal = {American Journal of Infection Control}, volume = {26}, year = {1998}, chapter = {pp. 453-464}, author = {Cole, E and Cook, C} } @article {hcjbk72, title = {Characterization of the infectious unit for man of two respiratory viruses. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine}, journal = {Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.).}, volume = {139}, year = {1972}, pages = {3}, author = {Hamory, B. H. and Couch, R. B. and Douglas R. G. Jr and Black, S. H. and Knight, V.} } @article {1387, title = {Chemical and microbial characterization of household graywater}, year = {2001}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1081/ESE-100103471}, author = {LM Casanova and CP Gerba} } @article {lee2010clinical, title = {Clinical severity of respiratory adenoviral infection by serotypes in Korean children over 17 consecutive years (1991{\textendash}2007)}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Virology}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, year = {2010}, pages = {115{\textendash}120}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Lee, Jina and Choi, Eun Hwa and Lee, Hoan Jong} } @article {lcl10, title = {Clinical severity of respiratory adenoviral infection by serotypes in Korean children over 17 consecutive years (1991-2007)}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Virology}, volume = {49}, year = {2010}, pages = {115-120}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/science/article/pii/S138665321000274X}, author = {Lee, J. and Choi, E. and Lee, H.} } @article {martinelli2000comparison, title = {A comparison of Legionella pneumophila occurrence in hot water tanks and instantaneous devices in domestic, nosocomial, and community environments}, journal = {Current Microbiology}, volume = {41}, number = {5}, year = {2000}, pages = {374{\textendash}376}, publisher = {Springer}, author = {Martinelli, Fabrizia and Caruso, Arnaldo and Moschini, Lina and Turano, Adolfo and Scarcella, Carmelo and Speziani, Fabrizio} } @article {cfm74, title = {Comparison of the Immune Response to Three Different Yersinia pestis Vaccines in Guinea Pigs and Langurs}, journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases}, volume = {129}, year = {1974}, author = {Chen, T. H. and Foster, L. E. and Meyer, K. F.} } @article {1751, title = {Concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides in honey, pollen, and honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in central Saskatchewan, Canada}, year = {2016}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26606186}, author = {G Codling} } @article {1470, title = {Concentrations of Pathogens and Indicators in Animal Feces in the Sydney Watershed}, journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology}, volume = {71}, year = {2005}, chapter = {pp. 5929-5934}, author = {Cox, P and Griffith, M and Deere, D and Ferguson, C} } @article {cowen2006continuous, title = {Continuous monitoring of particle emissions during showering}, journal = {Journal of the Air \& Waste Management Association}, volume = {56}, number = {12}, year = {2006}, pages = {1662{\textendash}1668}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, author = {Cowen, Kenneth A and Ollison, Will M} } @article {1645, title = {Continuous monitoring of particle emissions during showering}, journal = {Journal of the Air \& Waste Management Association}, volume = {56}, year = {2006}, chapter = {pp. 1662-1668}, author = {Cowen, Kenneth A and Will M. Ollison} } @article {cdsg88, title = {Cryptosporidial diarrhoea in AIDS and its treatment}, year = {1988}, note = {593-597}, author = {Connolly, G. M. and Dryden, M. S. and Shanson, D. C. and Gazzard, B. G.} } @article {c, title = {Cryptosporidiosis}, journal = {Drugs, Diseases \& Procedures: Cryptosporidiosis}, volume = {12}, year = {2011}, pages = {1-23}, url = {http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215490-overview$\#$a0156}, author = {Cabada, M. Burke} } @article {1777, title = {Cryptosporidiosis Surveillance {\textendash} United States, 2009-2010}, year = {2012}, url = {https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6105a1.htm}, author = {JS Yoder and RM Wallace and SA Collier and MJ Beach and MC Hlavsa} } @article {1198, title = {Cryptosporidiosis surveillance{\textendash}United States, 2011-2012; Giardiasis surveillance{\textendash}United States, 2011-2012}, journal = {Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries}, volume = {64}, year = {2015}, chapter = {1-14}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24806287}, author = {Painter, Julia E and Hlavsa, Michele C and Collier, Sarah A and Xiao, Lihua and Yoder, Jonathan S and Gargano, Julia W} } @article {colwatt06, title = {Cryptosporidium Hominis: Experimental Challenge of Healthy Adults}, journal = {The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, volume = {75}, year = {2006}, pages = {5}, url = {http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.851}, author = {Chappell, C L and Okhuysen, P C and Langer-Curry, R and Widmer, G and Akiyoshi, D E and Tanriverdi, S and Tzipori, S} } @book {1590, title = {Current Medical Diagnosis \& Treatment}, year = {2008}, pages = {pp. 1250-1252}, publisher = {McGraw-Hill Co}, organization = {McGraw-Hill Co}, edition = {47}, author = {Chambers, H F and McPhee, S J and Papadakis, M A and Tierney, L M} } @article {1856, title = {Defective Phagocytosis and Clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Lung Following Bone Marrow Transplantation}, journal = {The Journal of Immunology}, volume = {171}, year = {2003}, month = {2003/10/15/}, pages = {4416 - 4424}, abstract = {

Abstract Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an important therapeutic option for a variety of malignant and nonmalignant disorders. Unfortunately, BMT recipients are at increased risk of infection, and in particular, pulmonary complications occur frequently. Although the risk of infection is greatest during the neutropenic period immediately following transplant, patients are still vulnerable to pulmonary infections even after neutrophil engraftment. We evaluated the risk of infection in this postengraftment period by using a well-established mouse BMT model. Seven days after syngeneic BMT, B6D2F1 mice are no longer neutropenic, and by 3 wk, they demonstrate complete reconstitution of the peripheral blood. However, these mice remain more susceptible throughout 8 wk to infection after intratracheal administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; increased mortality in the P. aeruginosa-infected BMT mice correlates with increased bacterial burden in the lungs as well as increased systemic dissemination. This heightened susceptibility to infection was not secondary to a defect in inflammatory cell recruitment to the lung. The inability to clear P. aeruginosa in the lung correlated with reduced phagocytosis of the bacteria by alveolar macrophages (AMs), but not neutrophils, decreased production of TNF-α by AMs, and decreased levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following infection. Expression of the β2 integrins CD11a and CD11c was reduced on AMs from BMT mice compared with wild-type mice. Thus, despite restoration of peripheral blood count, phagocytic defects in the AMs of BMT mice persist and may contribute to the increased risk of infection seen in the postengraftment period.

}, isbn = {0022-1767, 1550-6606}, url = {https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/171/8/4416/35775/Defective-Phagocytosis-and-Clearance-of}, author = {Ojielo, Charles I. and Cooke, Kenneth and Mancuso, Pete and Standiford, Theodore J. and Olkiewicz, Krystyna M. and Clouthier, Shawn and Corrion, Leigh and Ballinger, Megan N. and Toews, Galen B. and Paine, Robert and Moore, Bethany B.} } @article {1917, title = {Defective phagocytosis and clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lung following bone marrow transplantation}, journal = {The Journal of Immunology}, volume = {171}, year = {2003}, pages = {4416{\textendash}4424}, author = {Ojielo, Charles I and Cooke, Kenneth and Mancuso, Pete and Standiford, Theodore J and Olkiewicz, Krystyna M and Clouthier, Shawn and Corrion, Leigh and Ballinger, Megan N and Toews, Galen B and Paine, Robert and others} } @article {1384, title = {Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical and environmental samples by amplification of the exotoxin A gene using PCR. Applied and environmental microbiology}, year = {1994}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC201881/}, author = {AA Khan and CE Cerniglia} } @article {1609, title = {Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in water sample concentrates by real-time PCR}, journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology}, volume = {75}, year = {2009}, chapter = {pp. 3477-3483}, author = {Yang, W and Lindquist, H D and Cama, V and Schaefer, F W and Villegas, E and Fayer, R and Lewis, E J and Feng, Y and Xiao, L} } @article {1617, title = {Detection of Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts in cat feces and estimates of the environmental oocyst burden}, journal = {Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, volume = {231}, year = {2007}, chapter = {pp. 1676-1684}, author = {Dabritz, H A and Miller, M A and Atwill, E R and Gardner, I A and Leutenegger, C M and Melli, A C and Conrad, P A} } @article {1738, title = {Determination of the 50\% Human Infectious Dose for Norwalk Virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases}, year = {2014}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24253285}, author = {RL Atmar and AR Opekun and MA Gilger and MK Estes and SE Crawford and FH Neill} } @article {lcwchs77, title = {Diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli that produce only heat-stable enterotoxin}, journal = {Infection and Immunity}, volume = {17}, year = {1977}, pages = {1}, author = {Levine, M M and Caplan, E S and Waterman, D and Cash, R A and Hornick, R B and Snyder, M J} } @article {collier2012direct, title = {Direct healthcare costs of selected diseases primarily or partially transmitted by water}, journal = {Epidemiology \& Infection}, volume = {140}, number = {11}, year = {2012}, pages = {2003{\textendash}2013}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Collier, SA and Stockman, LJ and Hicks, LA and Garrison, LE and Zhou, FJ and Beach, MJ} } @article {1425, title = {Direct healthcare costs of selected diseases primarily or partially transmitted by water}, journal = {Epidemiology \& Infection}, volume = {2015}, year = {2012}, edition = {Volume 140, Isssue 11: pp. 2003-2013}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection/article/direct-healthcare-costs-of-selected-diseases-primarily-or-partially-transmitted-by-water/CCDC9B2EE212DF3A99C22489B1F03E21}, author = {Collier, S. A. and Stockman, L. J. and Hicks, L. A. and Garrison, L. E. and Zhou, F. J. and Beach, M. J.} } @article {c11, title = {Distinguishing characteristics between pandemic 2009{\textendash}2010 influenza A (H1N1) and other viruses in patients hospitalized with respiratory illness}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {6}, year = {2011}, pages = {9}, author = {Chan, Philip A. and others} } @article {1560, title = {Do US EPA water quality guidelines for recreational waters prevent gastrointestinal illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis}, journal = {Environmental Health Perspectives}, volume = {111}, year = {2003}, chapter = {pp. 1102-1109}, author = {Wade, T J and Pai, N and Eisenberg, J N S and Colford, J M} } @article {chen2006dose, title = {Dose response for infectivity of several strains of Campylobacter jejuni in chickens}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, volume = {26}, number = {6}, year = {2006}, pages = {1613{\textendash}1621}, publisher = {Wiley Online Library}, author = {Chen, Lailai and Geys, Helena and Cawthraw, Shaun and Havelaar, Arie and Teunis, Peter} } @article {cgcht06, title = {Dose response for infectivity of several strains of {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}Campylobacter jejuni{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} in chickens}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, year = {2006}, pages = {1613-1621}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00850.x/pdf}, author = {Chen, L. and Geys, H. and Cawthraw, S. and Havelaar, A. and Teunis, P.} } @article {cgcht06, title = {Dose response for infectivity of several strains of Campylobacter jejuni in chickens}, journal = {Risk Analysis: An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis}, volume = {26}, number = {6}, year = {2006}, pages = {1613-1621}, author = {Chen, L. and Geys, H. and Cawthraw, S. and Havelaar, A. and Teunis, P.} } @article {cgcht06, title = {Dose Response for Infectivity of Several Strains of Campylobacter jejuni in Chickens}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, volume = {26}, year = {2006}, pages = {6}, author = {Chen, L. and Geys, H. and Cawthraw, S. and Havelaar, A. and Teunis, P.} } @article {mcmsobdrdm84, title = {Dose Response of Cold-Adapted, Reassortant Influenza A/California/10/78 Virus (H1N1) in Adult Volunteers}, journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases}, volume = {149}, year = {1984}, pages = {5}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6726007}, author = {Murphy, B R and Clements, M L and Madore, H P and Steinberg, J and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, S and Betts, R and Demico, D and Reichman, R C and Dolin, R and Maassab, H F} } @article {mctbsc85, title = {Dose Response of Influenza A/Washington/897/80 (H3N2) Avian-Human Reassortant Virus in Adult Volunteers}, journal = {The Journal of Infectious Diseases}, volume = {152}, year = {1985}, pages = {1}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/30104663?seq=1$\#$page_scan_tab_contents}, author = {Murphy, B R and Clements, M L and Tierney, E L and Black, R E and Stienberg, J and Chanock, R M} } @article {wicm, title = {Dose-Response of Listeria monocytogenes after Oral Exposure in Pregnant Guinea Pigs}, journal = {Journal of Food Protection}, volume = {70}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {5}, author = {Williams, D and Irvin, E A and Chmielewski, R A and Frank J F (May)} } @book {1469, title = {Drinking Water Safety in the 21st Century}, author = {Coulliete, A D and Alan-Yillmaz, A and Dreelin, E A and McNinch, R M and Fong, T T and Rose, J B} } @article {ccdgk66, title = {Effect of route of inoculation on experimental respiratory viral disease in volunteers and evidence for airborne transmission}, journal = {Bacteriological Reviews}, volume = {30}, year = {1966}, pages = {3}, author = {Couch, R B and Cate, T R and Douglas, R G and Gerone, P J and Knight, V} } @article {1753, title = {Effects of neonicotinoid pesticide exposure on human health: a systematic review}, year = {2017}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27385285}, author = {AM Cimino} } @article {1640, title = {Efficacy of point-of-entry copper{\textendash}silver ionisation system in eradicating Legionella pneumophila in a tropical tertiary care hospital: implications for hospitals contaminated with Legionella in both hot and cold water}, journal = {Journal of Hospital Infection}, volume = {68}, year = {2008}, chapter = {pp. 152-158}, author = {Chen, Y S} } @article {chen2008efficacy, title = {Efficacy of point-of-entry copper{\textendash}silver ionisation system in eradicating Legionella pneumophila in a tropical tertiary care hospital: implications for hospitals contaminated with Legionella in both hot and cold water}, journal = {Journal of Hospital Infection}, volume = {68}, number = {2}, year = {2008}, pages = {152{\textendash}158}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Chen, Yu Sen and Lin, YE and Liu, Y-C and Huang, Wen Kuei and Shih, HY and Wann, Shue Ren and Lee, SS and Tsai, Hung Chin and Li, CH and Chao, HL and others} } @article {1925, title = {Elizabethkingia miricola infection in Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa)}, journal = {Transboundary and Emerging Diseases}, volume = {66}, year = {2019}, pages = {1049-1053}, abstract = {

Abstract Elizabethkingia miricola is a Gram-negative rod which has been incriminated in severe infections in humans. Recently, a serious infectious disease was identified in Chinese spiny frogs (Quasipaa spinosa), in the Sichuan Province of China; the disease was characterized by corneal opacity, the presence of ascites and neurological symptoms. A Gram-negative bacillus was isolated from the liver, spleen and kidney of the diseased frogs. Experimental infection test revealed that the bacillus could infect the frogs Q.\ spinosa and the LD50 value was 1.19\ {\texttimes}\ 106\ cfu per frog. The isolated Gram-negative bacillus was identified as E.\ miricola according to phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis. The isolated strain was only susceptible to florfenicol among all investigated chemotherapeutic agents. Histological examination revealed that E.\ miricola infection caused pathological lesions to multiple organs and tissues, especially in the liver, brain, kidney. These results confirmed that E.\ miricola is an emerging pathogen of Chinese spiny frogs.

}, keywords = {characterization, Elizabethkingia miricola, lesions, outbreak, pathological, Quasipaa spinosa}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13101}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/tbed.13101}, author = {Lei, Xue Ping and Yi, Geng and Wang, Kai Yu and OuYang, Ping and Chen, De Fang and Huang, Xiao Li and Huang, Chao and Lai, Wei Min and Zhong, Zi Jun and Huo, Chang Liang and Yang, Ze Xiao} } @article {1578, title = {Endemic and epidemic dynamics of cholera: the role of the aquatic reservoir}, journal = {BMC Infectious Diseases}, volume = {1}, year = {2001}, chapter = {p. 1}, author = {Codeco, C} } @article {1267, title = {Enterovirus infections: a review of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment}, journal = {Dermatologic clinics}, volume = {20}, year = {2002}, pages = {217{\textendash}223}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12120436}, author = {Stalkup, J. 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Elizabethkingia spp. are a group of non-fermentative, Gram-negative, catalase-positive, and non-motile bacilli. They can cause meningitis in neonates and immunosuppressed patients, and lead to high mortality. Considering the rising trend of drug resistance among bacteria pathogens, bacteriophage (phage) therapy is a potential alternative to antibiotics for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, so far, no phages specific for Elizabethkingia spp. have been reported. Using a clinically isolated Elizabethkingia anophelis as the host, the phage TCUEAP1 was isolated from wastewater of Hualien Tzu Chi hospital. The phage particle of TCUEAP1 under electron microscopy was revealed to belong to the siphoviridae family, with a head size of 47 nm, and a tail dimension 12 nm in diameter and 172 nm in length. The one-step growth analysis showed that the latent period of TCUEAP1 was about 40 min with a rise period lasting about 20 min, yielding a burst size of approximately 10 PFU/cell. The adsorption rate of TCUEAP1 reached about 70\% in 20 min. Using 20 isolates of Elizabethkingia spp. to test the host range of TCUEAP1, it displayed narrow spectrum infecting three strains of E. anophelis, but forming spot lysis on 16 strains. The sequence result showed that the genome of TCUEAP1 is a double-stranded DNA of 49,816 bp, containing 73 predicted open reading frames. Further genomic analysis showed TCUEAP1 to be a new phage with no resemblance to publicly available phage genomes. Finally, in a mouse intraperitoneal infection model, at 6 h after the bacterial injection, TCUEAP1 decreased the bacterial load by fivefold in blood. Also, TCUEAP1 rescued 80\% of mice heavily infected with E. anophelis from lethal bacteremia. We hope that the isolation and characterization of TCUEAP1, the first phage infecting Elizabethkingia spp., can promote more studies of the phages targeting this newly emerging bacterial pathogen.

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New insights on microbiological sand quality in Portugal}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {62}, year = {2011}, pages = {1506{\textendash}1511}, author = {Sabino, Raquel and Ver{\'\i}ssimo, Cristina and Cunha, Maria Ana and Wergikoski, Bela and Ferreira, Filipa C and Rodrigues, Raquel and Parada, Helena and Falc{\~a}o, Leonor and Rosado, Laura and Pinheiro, Catarina and others} } @article {bjcc90, title = {Pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba and Corynebacterium in the Rat Cornea}, journal = {Archives of Ophthalmology}, volume = {108}, year = {1990}, pages = {1}, url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/638228}, author = {Badenoch, P R and Johnson, A M and Christy, P E and Coster, D J} } @article {1879, title = {Pilot-and bench-scale testing of faecal indicator bacteria survival in marine beach sand near point sources}, journal = {Journal of applied microbiology}, volume = {107}, year = {2009}, pages = {72{\textendash}84}, author = {Mika, Kathryn Beth and Imamura, Greg and Chang, Crystal and Conway, Victoria and Fernandez, Genevieve and Griffith, John F and Kampalath, Rita A and Lee, Christine M and Lin, C-C and Moreno, Raylene and others} } @article {1818, title = {Plague: review of ecology.}, journal = {Ecology of disease}, volume = {1}, year = {1982}, pages = {111{\textendash}115}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6765301/}, author = {Christie, AB} } @article {sscbe08, title = {Point of use household drinking water filtration: A practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water in the developing world}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, volume = {42}, year = {2008}, pages = {12}, doi = {10.1021/es702746n}, author = {Sobsey, M D and Stauber, C and Casanova, L and Brown, J and Elliott, M} } @inbook {mlcbasmbh09, title = {Population-Based Study of a Widespread Outbreak of Diarrhea Associated with Increased Mortality and Malnutrition in Botswana, January-March, 2006}, year = {2009}, pages = {812-818}, url = {http://www.ajtmh.org.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/content/80/5/812.full.pdf+html}, author = {Mach, O. and Lu, L. and Creek, T. and Bowen, A. and Arvelo, W. and Smit, M. and Masunge, J. and Brennan, M. and Handzel, T.} } @article {5, title = {The potential role of mobile phones in the spread of bacterial infections}, journal = {The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries}, volume = {3}, year = {2009}, pages = {628{\textendash}632}, author = {Akinyemi, Kabir O and Atapu, Audu D and Adetona, Olabisi O and Coker, Akitoye O} } @article {c96, title = {Predictors of prognosis and risk of acute renal failure in patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever}, journal = {The American journal of medicine}, volume = {101}, number = {6}, year = {1996}, pages = {621-626}, author = {Conlon, Peter J} } @article {conlon_predictors_1996, title = {Predictors of prognosis and risk of acute renal failure in patients with {Rocky} {Mountain} spotted fever}, journal = {The American Journal of Medicine}, volume = {101}, number = {6}, year = {1996}, note = {Publisher: Elsevier}, pages = {621{\textendash}626}, abstract = {{\textless}h3{\textgreater}Background{\textless}/h3{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}Acute renal failure has long been associated with severe Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Despite many descriptions of the protean manifestations of this disease, relatively little is known concerning the risk factors for acute renal failure. Only a few studies have examined the outcome of patients infected with \textit{Rickettsia rickettsii} who develop renal insufficiency, and these studies had methodological problems.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}h3{\textgreater}Objective{\textless}/h3{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}To study the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of acute renal failure in a large group of hospitalized patients with definite or probable RMSF.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}h3{\textgreater}Methods{\textless}/h3{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}The clinical records of 114 patients with definite or probable RMSF were retrospectively reviewed to identify clinical and biochemical abnormalities at the time of admission that were associated with the development of acute renal failure and subsequent mortality. Renal failure was defined as a serum creatinine (Cr) above 2 mg/dL. Logistic regression was used to study the association between these variables and the outcomes during hospitalization: death and the development of acute renal failure.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}h3{\textgreater}Results{\textless}/h3{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}The mortality rate in this series was 14\%; 19\% of the patients developed acute renal failure. The development of acute renal failure increased the odds ratio (OR) of dying by a factor of 17 (\textit{P} = 0.001). Factors at the time of hospitalization that were associated at a univariate level with subsequent mortality included elevated serum Cr, increased age, increased level of AST, increased level of bilirubin, decreased serum sodium and platelet count, the presence of neurological involvement, and being male. Both the presence of neurological involvement and an elevated serum Cr at presentation were independently associated with increased mortality by multivariate analysis. Three patients developed acute renal failure that required hemodialysis, and only 1 of these 3 patients survived; he was ultimately discharged with a normal serum Cr. Factors at presentation that were associated with the development of acute renal failure included increased bilirubin, increasing age, thrombocytopenia, and the presence of neurological involvement. Both age and decreased platelet count at presentation were independently associated with the development of acute renal failure by multivariate analysis.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}h3{\textgreater}Conclusion{\textless}/h3{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}Acute renal failure was a frequent complication of RMSF in this series of patients from a tertiary referral medical center. The presence of acute renal failure was strongly associated with death. Clinical and biochemical variables are useful in predicting which patients will develop acute renal failure.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}}, issn = {0002-9343, 1555-7162}, doi = {10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00332-4}, url = {https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(96)00332-4/abstract}, author = {Conlon, Peter J. and Procop, Gary W. and Fowler, Vance and Eloubeidi, Mohamed Ali and Smith, Stephen R. and Sexton, Daniel J.} } @article {1206, title = {Preliminary epidemiologic assessment of MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea, May{\textendash}June 2015}, journal = {Euro surveillance: bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles= European communicable disease bulletin}, volume = {20}, year = {2015}, doi = {10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.25.21163}, url = { https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4535930/ }, author = {Cowling, Benjamin J and Park, Minah and Fang, Vicky J and Wu, Peng and Leung, Gabriel M and Wu, Joseph T} } @book {c96, title = {Prevalence of shigellosis in the US: consistency with dose-response information}, year = {1996}, publisher = {87-99}, organization = {87-99}, address = {International journal of food microbiology 30.1-2}, author = {Crockett, Christopher S. and others} } @article {1597, title = {Probable person-to-person transmission of Legionnaires{\textquoteright} disease}, journal = {New England Journal of Medicine }, volume = {374}, year = {2016}, chapter = {pp. 497-498}, author = {Correia, Ana M} } @article {correia2016probable, title = {Probable person-to-person transmission of Legionnaires{\textquoteright} disease}, journal = {New England Journal of Medicine}, volume = {374}, number = {5}, year = {2016}, pages = {497{\textendash}498}, publisher = {Mass Medical Soc}, author = {Correia, Ana M and Ferreira, Joana S and Borges, V{\'\i}tor and Nunes, Alexandra and Gomes, Bernardo and Capucho, Rui and Gon{\c c}alves, Jorge and Antunes, Delfina M and Almeida, S{\'o}nia and Mendes, Ana and others} } @article {ccgflgk65, title = {Production of Illness with a Small-Particle Aerosol of Coxsackie A21*}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Investigation}, volume = {44}, year = {1965}, pages = {4}, author = {Couch, R. 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