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| − | Hartmann, F. A. and S. E. West (1995). "Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of multidrug-resistant Salmonella anatum isolated from horses." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7: 159-162. | + | Hartmann FA, West SE(1995) Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of multidrug-resistant Salmonella anatum isolated from horses. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7: 159-162. |
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| − | Krause, G., R. Terzagian, et al. (2001). "Outbreak of Salmonella Serotype Anatum Infection Associated With Unpasteurized Orange Juice." Southern Medical Journal 94(12): 1168&hyhen;1172. | + | Krause G, Terzagian R, et al. (2001) Outbreak of Salmonella Serotype Anatum Infection Associated With Unpasteurized Orange Juice. Southern Medical Journal 94(12): 1168&hyhen;1172. |
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| − | McCullough, N. B. and C. W. Elsele (1951). "Experimental Human Salmonellosis: I. Pathogenicity of Strains of Salmonella meleagridis and Salmonella anatum Obtained from Spray-Dried Whole Egg." The Journal of Infectious Diseases 88(3): 278-289. | + | McCullough NB, Elsele CW (1951) Experimental Human Salmonellosis: I. Pathogenicity of Strains of Salmonella meleagridis and Salmonella anatum Obtained from Spray-Dried Whole Egg. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 88(3): 278-289. |
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| | [[Category:Completed Dose Response Models: Bacteria]][[Category:Dose Response Model]][[Category:Salmonella anatum]] | | [[Category:Completed Dose Response Models: Bacteria]][[Category:Dose Response Model]][[Category:Salmonella anatum]] |
Revision as of 15:58, 13 September 2012
Salmonella anatum
Author: Sushil Tamrakar
General overview of Salmonella and Salmonellosis
Salmonella, a genus of rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-spore forming, and predominantly motile enterobacteria, causes more than 104 cases of infections per year in United States. Salmonellosis is an important medical problem, as while infection with non-typhi Salmonella often causes mild self-limited illness, severe sequelae including death may occur, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. It has been reported that the incidence of salmonellosis is higher in developing countries, where food handlers may be a reservoir for further transmission of infection (Chalker and Blaser 1988).
Salmonella anatum is a common cause of salmonellosis, an important infectious disease in humans and animals (Hartmann and West 1995). Additionally, unpasteurized fruit juices have been associated with outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases caused by infection with Salmonella anatum (Krause, Terzagian et al. 2001).
Summary Data
McCullough, N. B. and C. W. Elsele (1951) inoculated human volunteers orally with the Salmonella anatum strain I,II and III.
| Experiment serial number |
Reference |
Host type |
Agent strain |
Route |
# of doses |
Dose units |
Response |
Best fit model |
Optimized parameter(s) |
LD50/ID50
|
| 232, 233* |
[1] |
human |
strain I |
oral, with eggnog |
16 |
CFU |
positive stool culture |
beta-Poisson |
α= 3.18E-01 , N50 = 3.71E+04 |
3.71E+04
|
| 232 |
[1] |
human |
strain I |
oral, with eggnog |
8 |
CFU |
positive stool culture |
beta-Poisson |
α = 2.91E-01 , N50 = 4.44E+04 |
4.44E+04
|
| 233 |
[1] |
human |
strain II |
oral, with eggnog |
8 |
CFU |
positive stool culture |
beta-Poisson |
α = 2.3E-01 , N50 = 4.91E+03 |
4.91E+03
|
| *This model is preferred in most circumstances. However, consider all available models to decide which one is most appropriate for your analysis.
|
|
Optimization Output for experiment 232, 233
Human/ Salmonella anatum strain I & II pooled data [1]
| Dose |
Positive stool culture |
No positive stool culture |
Total
|
| 12000 |
2 |
3 |
5
|
| 24000 |
3 |
3 |
6
|
| 66000 |
4 |
2 |
6
|
| 89000 |
5 |
1 |
6
|
| 93000 |
1 |
5 |
6
|
| 141000 |
3 |
3 |
6
|
| 256000 |
5 |
1 |
6
|
| 448000 |
4 |
2 |
6
|
| 587000 |
4 |
2 |
6
|
| 860000 |
6 |
0 |
6
|
| 1040000 |
6 |
0 |
6
|
| 3.9E+06 |
4 |
2 |
6
|
| 1E+07 |
6 |
0 |
6
|
| 2.39E+07 |
5 |
1 |
6
|
| 4.45E+07 |
6 |
0 |
6
|
| 6.73E+07 |
8 |
0 |
8
|
|
Goodness of fit and model selection
| Model |
Deviance |
Δ |
Degrees
of freedom |
χ20.95,1
p-value |
χ20.95,m-k
p-value
|
| Exponential
|
138
|
119
|
15
|
3.84
0
|
25
0
|
| Beta Poisson
|
18.9
|
14
|
23.7
0.168
|
| Beta-Poisson fits better than exponential; cannot reject good fit for beta-Poisson.
|
|
Optimized parameters for the beta-Poisson model, from 10000 bootstrap iterations
| Parameter
|
MLE estimate
|
Percentiles
|
| 0.5% |
2.5% |
5% |
95% |
97.5% |
99.5%
|
| α
|
3.18E-01
|
1.35E-01 |
1.71E-01 |
1.92E-01 |
5.70E-01 |
6.66E-01 |
9.56E-01
|
| N50
|
3.71E+04
|
1.40E+03 |
5.50E+03 |
8.86E+03 |
8.82E+04 |
1.00E+05 |
1.30E+05
|
|
Parameter scatter plot for beta Poisson model ellipses signify the 0.9, 0.95 and 0.99 confidence of the parameters. 
beta Poisson model plot, with confidence bounds around optimized model
Optimization Output for experiment 232
Human / Salmonella anatum strain I data [1]
| Dose |
Positive stool culture |
No positive stool culture |
Total
|
| 12000 |
2 |
3 |
5
|
| 24000 |
3 |
3 |
6
|
| 66000 |
4 |
2 |
6
|
| 93000 |
1 |
5 |
6
|
| 141000 |
3 |
3 |
6
|
| 256000 |
5 |
1 |
6
|
| 587000 |
4 |
2 |
6
|
| 860000 |
6 |
0 |
6
|
|
Goodness of fit and model selection
| Model |
Deviance |
Δ |
Degrees
of freedom |
χ20.95,1
p-value |
χ20.95,m-k
p-value
|
| Exponential
|
20.5
|
11
|
7
|
3.84
0.000922
|
14.1
0.00457
|
| Beta Poisson
|
9.53
|
6
|
12.6
0.146
|
| Beta-Poisson fits better than exponential; cannot reject good fit for beta-Poisson.
|
|
Optimized parameters for the beta-Poisson model, from 10000 bootstrap iterations
| Parameter
|
MLE estimate
|
Percentiles
|
| 0.5% |
2.5% |
5% |
95% |
97.5% |
99.5%
|
| α
|
2.91E-01
|
9.77E-04 |
9.77E-04 |
4.11E-02 |
1.68E+00 |
5.36E+00 |
1.20E+03
|
| N50
|
4.44E+04
|
6.74E-02 |
8.03E+02 |
4.15E+03 |
1.64E+05 |
6.89E+06 |
9.07E+07
|
|
Parameter scatter plot for beta Poisson model ellipses signify the 0.9, 0.95 and 0.99 confidence of the parameters. 
beta Poisson model plot, with confidence bounds around optimized model
Optimization Output for experiment 233
Human/ Salmonella anatum strain II data [1]
| Dose |
Positive stool culture |
No positive stool culture |
Total
|
| 89000 |
5 |
1 |
6
|
| 448000 |
4 |
2 |
6
|
| 1040000 |
6 |
0 |
6
|
| 3.9E+06 |
4 |
2 |
6
|
| 1E+07 |
6 |
0 |
6
|
| 2.39E+07 |
5 |
1 |
6
|
| 4.45E+07 |
6 |
0 |
6
|
| 6.73E+07 |
8 |
0 |
8
|
|
Goodness of fit and model selection
| Model |
Deviance |
Δ |
Degrees
of freedom |
χ20.95,1
p-value |
χ20.95,m-k
p-value
|
| Exponential
|
62.8
|
54.2
|
7
|
3.84
1.84e-13
|
14.1
4.22e-11
|
| Beta Poisson
|
8.6
|
6
|
12.6
0.198
|
| Beta-Poisson fits better than exponential; cannot reject good fit for beta-Poisson.
|
|
Optimized parameters for the beta-Poisson model, from 10000 bootstrap iterations
| Parameter
|
MLE estimate
|
Percentiles
|
| 0.5% |
2.5% |
5% |
95% |
97.5% |
99.5%
|
| α
|
2.3E-01
|
3.63E-02 |
5.29E-02 |
6.00E-02 |
5.51E-01 |
6.70E-01 |
1.40E+00
|
| N50
|
4.91E+03
|
2.59E-10 |
2.73E-08 |
4.91E-06 |
8.72E+04 |
1.23E+05 |
2.29E+05
|
|
Parameter scatter plot for beta Poisson model ellipses signify the 0.9, 0.95 and 0.99 confidence of the parameters. 
beta Poisson model plot, with confidence bounds around optimized model
Summary
The data set of Salmonella anatum strain III has only two points of response, so it was not analyzed. Since the strain I and II data sets were able to be pooled, the pooled model is recommended model.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 McCullough, N. B. and C. W. Elsele (1951). "Experimental Human Salmonellosis: I. Pathogenicity of Strains of Salmonella meleagridis and Salmonella anatum Obtained from Spray-Dried Whole Egg." The Journal of Infectious Diseases 88(3): 278-289.
Hartmann FA, West SE(1995) Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of multidrug-resistant Salmonella anatum isolated from horses. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7: 159-162.
Krause G, Terzagian R, et al. (2001) Outbreak of Salmonella Serotype Anatum Infection Associated With Unpasteurized Orange Juice. Southern Medical Journal 94(12): 1168&hyhen;1172.
McCullough NB, Elsele CW (1951) Experimental Human Salmonellosis: I. Pathogenicity of Strains of Salmonella meleagridis and Salmonella anatum Obtained from Spray-Dried Whole Egg. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 88(3): 278-289.
