View source for Salmonella anatum: Dose Response Models

==<center>'''''Salmonella anatum'''''</center>==

<center><big>'''Author: Sushil Tamrakar'''</big></center>


==='''General overview of ''Salmonella'' and Salmonellosis'''===

''Salmonella,'' a genus of rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-spore forming, and predominantly motile enterobacteria, causes more than 10<sup>4</sup> cases of infections per year in United States. Salmonellosis is an important medical problem, as well as infection with non-typhi Salmonella which often causes mild self-limited illness, Severe sequelae including death may occur, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. It has been reported that the incidence of salmonellosis is higher in developing countries, where food handlers may be a reservoir for further transmission of infection. <ref name="Chalker and Blaser 1988">
Chalker RB, Blaser MJ (1988) [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4454281 A review of human salmonellosis: III. Magnitude of Salmonella infection in the United States.] Reviews of Infectious Diseases 10(1): 111-124.</ref>

Salmonella anatum is a common cause of salmonellosis, an important infectious disease in humans and animals. <ref name="Hartmann and West 1995">Hartmann FA, West SE (1995) Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of multidrug-resistant Salmonella anatum isolated from horses. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7: 159-162.</ref> Additionally, unpasteurized fruit juices have been associated with outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases caused by infection with Salmonella anatum <ref name="Krause, Terzagian et al. 2001">Krause G, Terzagian R, et al. (2001) Outbreak of Salmonella Serotype Anatum Infection Associated With Unpasteurized Orange Juice. Southern Medical Journal 94(12): 1168&hyhen;1172.</ref>


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==='''Summary Data'''===

McCullough, N. B. and C. W. Elsele (1951) inoculated human volunteers orally with the ''Salmonella'' ''anatum'' strain I,II and III.<ref name="McCullough and Elsele,1951"></ref>


{{DRSummaryTableStart|agent=''Salmonella anatum''}}
{{DRSummaryTablePreferredModel|expID= 232, 233 |refer=McCullough and Elsele,1951|reference=McCullough NB, Elsele CW (1951) Experimental Human Salmonellosis: I. Pathogenicity of Strains of Salmonella meleagridis and Salmonella anatum Obtained from Spray-Dried Whole Egg. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 88(3): 278-289.|host= human |agentStrain= strain I |route= oral, with eggnog |nDoses= 16 |doseUnits= CFU|response= positive stool culture |bestFitModel=beta-Poisson|parameters=&alpha;=  3.18E-01 , N<sub>50</sub> =  3.71E+04 |N50= 3.71E+04 }}
{{DRSummaryTableNonpreferredModel|expID= 232 |refer=McCullough and Elsele,1951|reference=McCullough NB, Elsele CW (1951) Experimental Human Salmonellosis: I. Pathogenicity of Strains of Salmonella meleagridis and Salmonella anatum Obtained from Spray-Dried Whole Egg. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 88(3): 278-289.|host= human |agentStrain= strain I |route= oral, with eggnog |nDoses= 8 |doseUnits= CFU|response= positive stool culture |bestFitModel=beta-Poisson|parameters=&alpha; =  2.91E-01 , N<sub>50</sub> =  4.44E+04 |N50= 4.44E+04 }}
{{DRSummaryTableNonpreferredModel|expID= 233 |refer=McCullough and Elsele,1951|reference=McCullough NB, Elsele CW (1951) Experimental Human Salmonellosis: I. Pathogenicity of Strains of Salmonella meleagridis and Salmonella anatum Obtained from Spray-Dried Whole Egg. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 88(3): 278-289.|host= human |agentStrain= strain II |route= oral, with eggnog |nDoses= 8 |doseUnits= CFU|response= positive stool culture |bestFitModel=beta-Poisson|parameters=&alpha; =  2.3E-01 , N<sub>50</sub> =  4.91E+03 |N50= 4.91E+03 }}
{{DRSummaryTableEnd}}


==<sup>*</sup>Recommended Model==
The pooled model of experiment number 232 and 233 is the recommended model as more data points in the model result into improvement in fits. 




[[File:Exponential and betapoisson model.jpg|thumb|none|550px]]

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==='''Optimization Output for experiment 232, 233 (''Salmonella anatum'')'''===

{{DRExperimentDataTable16|title=Human/ Salmonella anatum strain I & II pooled data|refer=McCullough and Elsele,1951|reference=MMcCullough NB, Elsele CW (1951) Experimental Human Salmonellosis: I. Pathogenicity of Strains of Salmonella meleagridis and Salmonella anatum Obtained from Spray-Dried Whole Egg. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 88(3): 278-289.|pos=Positive stool culture|neg=No positive stool culture|d1=12000|p1=2|n1=3|t1=5|d2=24000|p2=3|n2=3|t2=6|d3=66000|p3=4|n3=2|t3=6|d4=89000|p4=5|n4=1|t4=6|d5=93000|p5=1|n5=5|t5=6|d6=141000|p6=3|n6=3|t6=6|d7=256000|p7=5|n7=1|t7=6|d8=448000|p8=4|n8=2|t8=6|d9=587000|p9=4|n9=2|t9=6|d10=860000|p10=6|n10=0|t10=6|d11=1040000|p11=6|n11=0|t11=6|d12=3.9E+06|p12=4|n12=2|t12=6|d13=1E+07|p13=6|n13=0|t13=6|d14=2.39E+07|p14=5|n14=1|t14=6|d15=4.45E+07|p15=6|n15=0|t15=6|d16=6.73E+07|p16=8|n16=0|t16=8}}


{{DRFit|title=Goodness of fit and model selection|devE=138|devB=18.9|delta=119|DFE=15|DFB=14|X2bPbetter=3.84|pbPbetter=0|X2GOFe=25|pGOFe=0|X2GOFb=23.7|pGOFb=0.168|interpretation=Beta-Poisson fits better than exponential; cannot reject good fit for beta-Poisson.}}


{{DRConfidenceBetaPoisson|title=Optimized parameters for the beta-Poisson model, from 10000 bootstrap iterations|MLEa=3.18E-01|p5a=1.35E-01|p25a=1.71E-01|p50a=1.92E-01|p950a=5.70E-01|p975a=6.66E-01|p995a=9.56E-01|MLEN=3.71E+04|p5N=1.40E+03|p25N=5.50E+03|p50N=8.86E+03|p950N=8.82E+04|p975N=1.00E+05|p995N=1.30E+05}}


[[File:BPscatter ID232 233.png|thumb|left|500px|'''Parameter scatter plot for beta Poisson model ellipses signify the 0.9, 0.95 and 0.99 confidence of the parameters.''']][[File:BPmodel ID232 233.png|thumb|none|500px|'''beta Poisson model plot, with confidence bounds around optimized model''']]<br>


==='''Optimization Output for experiment 232 (''Salmonella anatum'')'''===

{{DRExperimentDataTable8|title=Human / Salmonella anatum strain I data|refer=McCullough and Elsele,1951|reference=McCullough NB, Elsele CW (1951) Experimental Human Salmonellosis: I. Pathogenicity of Strains of Salmonella meleagridis and Salmonella anatum Obtained from Spray-Dried Whole Egg. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 88(3): 278-289.
|pos=Positive stool culture|neg=No positive stool culture|d1=12000|p1=2|n1=3|t1=5|d2=24000|p2=3|n2=3|t2=6|d3=66000|p3=4|n3=2|t3=6|d4=93000|p4=1|n4=5|t4=6|d5=141000|p5=3|n5=3|t5=6|d6=256000|p6=5|n6=1|t6=6|d7=587000|p7=4|n7=2|t7=6|d8=860000|p8=6|n8=0|t8=6}}


{{DRFit|title=Goodness of fit and model selection|devE=20.5|devB=9.53|delta=11|DFE=7|DFB=6|X2bPbetter=3.84|pbPbetter=0.000922|X2GOFe=14.1|pGOFe=0.00457|X2GOFb=12.6|pGOFb=0.146|interpretation=Beta-Poisson fits better than exponential; cannot reject good fit for beta-Poisson.}}


{{DRConfidenceBetaPoisson|title=Optimized parameters for the beta-Poisson model, from 10000 bootstrap iterations|MLEa=2.91E-01|p5a=9.77E-04|p25a=9.77E-04|p50a=4.11E-02|p950a=1.68E+00|p975a=5.36E+00|p995a=1.20E+03|MLEN=4.44E+04|p5N=6.74E-02|p25N=8.03E+02|p50N=4.15E+03|p950N=1.64E+05|p975N=6.89E+06|p995N=9.07E+07}}


[[File:BPscatter ID232.png|thumb|left|500px|'''Parameter scatter plot for beta Poisson model ellipses signify the 0.9, 0.95 and 0.99 confidence of the parameters.''']][[File:BPmodel ID232.png|thumb|none|500px|'''beta Poisson model plot, with confidence bounds around optimized model''']]<br>


==='''Optimization Output for experiment 233 (''Salmonella anatum'')'''===

{{DRExperimentDataTable8|title=Human/ Salmonella anatum strain II data|refer=McCullough and Elsele,1951|reference=McCullough NB, Elsele CW (1951) Experimental Human Salmonellosis: I. Pathogenicity of Strains of Salmonella meleagridis and Salmonella anatum Obtained from Spray-Dried Whole Egg. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 88(3): 278-289.|pos=Positive stool culture|neg=No positive stool culture|d1=89000|p1=5|n1=1|t1=6|d2=448000|p2=4|n2=2|t2=6|d3=1040000|p3=6|n3=0|t3=6|d4=3.9E+06|p4=4|n4=2|t4=6|d5=1E+07|p5=6|n5=0|t5=6|d6=2.39E+07|p6=5|n6=1|t6=6|d7=4.45E+07|p7=6|n7=0|t7=6|d8=6.73E+07|p8=8|n8=0|t8=8}}


{{DRFit|title=Goodness of fit and model selection|devE=62.8|devB=8.6|delta=54.2|DFE=7|DFB=6|X2bPbetter=3.84|pbPbetter=1.84e-13|X2GOFe=14.1|pGOFe=4.22e-11|X2GOFb=12.6|pGOFb=0.198|interpretation=Beta-Poisson fits better than exponential; cannot reject good fit for beta-Poisson.}}


{{DRConfidenceBetaPoisson|title=Optimized parameters for the beta-Poisson model, from 10000 bootstrap iterations|MLEa=2.3E-01|p5a=3.63E-02|p25a=5.29E-02|p50a=6.00E-02|p950a=5.51E-01|p975a=6.70E-01|p995a=1.40E+00|MLEN=4.91E+03|p5N=2.59E-10|p25N=2.73E-08|p50N=4.91E-06|p950N=8.72E+04|p975N=1.23E+05|p995N=2.29E+05}}


[[File:BPscatter ID233.png|thumb|left|500px|'''Parameter scatter plot for beta Poisson model ellipses signify the 0.9, 0.95 and 0.99 confidence of the parameters.''']][[File:BPmodel ID233.png|thumb|none|500px|'''beta Poisson model plot, with confidence bounds around optimized model''']]<br>




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==='''References'''===

<references />
Chalker RB and Blaser MJ (1988) A Review of Human Salmonellosis: III. Magnitude of ''Salmonella'' Infection in the United States. ''Reviews of Infectious Diseases'' 10(1), 111-124.

Hartmann FA and West SEH (1995) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Multidrug-Resistant ''Salmonella Anatum'' Isolated from Horses. ''Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation'' 7(1), 159-161.

Krause G, Terzagian R and Hammond R (2001) Outbreak of ''Salmonella'' serotype Anatum infection associated with unpasteurized orange juice. ''Southern medical journal'' 94(12), 1168-1172.

McCullough NB and Elsele CW (1951) Experimental Human Salmonellosis: I. Pathogenicity of Strains of ''Salmonella meleagridis'' and ''Salmonella anatum'' Obtained from Spray-Dried Whole Egg. ''The Journal of Infectious Diseases'' 88(3), 278-289.



[[Category:Completed Dose Response Models: Bacteria]][[Category:Dose Response Model]][[Category:Salmonella anatum]]