Difference between revisions of "Lassa virus"
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===Transmission/Exposure Routes=== | ===Transmission/Exposure Routes=== | ||
| − | The virus can be transmitted through direct contact with these materials, through touching objects or eating food contaminated with these materials, or through cuts or sores. Contact with the virus also may occur when a person inhales tiny particles in the air contaminated with rodent excretions. Infection may occur via direct contact when they are caught and prepared for food. Person-to-person transmission is common. | + | The virus can be transmitted through direct contact with these materials, through touching objects or eating food contaminated with these materials, or through cuts or sores. Contact with the virus also may occur when a person inhales tiny particles in the air contaminated with rodent excretions. Infection may occur via direct contact when they are caught and prepared for food. Person-to-person transmission is common.<ref name=CDC>http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/Fact_Sheets/Lassa_Fever_Fact_Sheet.pdf </ref> |
===Case Fatality Ratios=== | ===Case Fatality Ratios=== | ||
| − | Case-fatality rates of patients with VHF vary from less than 10% (eg, in dengue HF) to approximately 90%, as has been reported in patients with Ebola-Zaire and the recent Angola Marburg outbreak. The most recent outbreak of Ebola-Sudan in Uganda had a 50% case-fatality rate. | + | Case-fatality rates of patients with VHF vary from less than 10% (eg, in dengue HF) to approximately 90%, as has been reported in patients with Ebola-Zaire and the recent Angola Marburg outbreak. The most recent outbreak of Ebola-Sudan in Uganda had a 50% case-fatality rate.<ref name=Medscape>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/830594-overview#showall emachine.medscape]</ref> <br /> About 15%-20% of hospitalized Lassa fever patients will die from the illness. It is estimated that the overall mortality rate is 1%, however during epidemics mortality can climb as high as 50%. The mortality rate is greater than 80% when it occurs in pregnant women during their third trimester; fetal death also occurs in nearly all those cases.<ref name=Wikipedia>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever Wikipedia]</ref> |
===Incubation Times=== | ===Incubation Times=== | ||
| − | 1-3 weeks | + | 1-3 weeks <ref name=CDC></ref> |
===Burden of Disease=== | ===Burden of Disease=== | ||
| − | The number of Lassa virus infections per year in West Africa is estimated at 100,000 to 300,000, with approximately 5,000 deaths | + | The number of Lassa virus infections per year in West Africa is estimated at 100,000 to 300,000, with approximately 5,000 deaths. <ref name=CDC></ref><br /> In some areas of Sierra Leone and Liberia, it is known that 10%-16% of people admitted to hospitals have Lassa fever. <ref name=CDC></ref> |
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===Microbiology=== | ===Microbiology=== | ||
| − | A member of the virus family Arenaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus and is zoonotic, or animal-borne | + | A member of the virus family Arenaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus and is zoonotic, or animal-borne <ref name=CDC></ref> |
===Environmental Survival=== | ===Environmental Survival=== | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
| − | + | <references /> | |
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[[Category:PSDS]] | [[Category:PSDS]] | ||
[[Category:virus]][[Category:BT category A]] | [[Category:virus]][[Category:BT category A]] | ||
Revision as of 20:31, 10 July 2012
Contents
Lassa virus
Hosts
Human and animal
Transmission/Exposure Routes
The virus can be transmitted through direct contact with these materials, through touching objects or eating food contaminated with these materials, or through cuts or sores. Contact with the virus also may occur when a person inhales tiny particles in the air contaminated with rodent excretions. Infection may occur via direct contact when they are caught and prepared for food. Person-to-person transmission is common.[1]
Case Fatality Ratios
Case-fatality rates of patients with VHF vary from less than 10% (eg, in dengue HF) to approximately 90%, as has been reported in patients with Ebola-Zaire and the recent Angola Marburg outbreak. The most recent outbreak of Ebola-Sudan in Uganda had a 50% case-fatality rate.[2]
About 15%-20% of hospitalized Lassa fever patients will die from the illness. It is estimated that the overall mortality rate is 1%, however during epidemics mortality can climb as high as 50%. The mortality rate is greater than 80% when it occurs in pregnant women during their third trimester; fetal death also occurs in nearly all those cases.[3]
Incubation Times
1-3 weeks [1]
Burden of Disease
The number of Lassa virus infections per year in West Africa is estimated at 100,000 to 300,000, with approximately 5,000 deaths. [1]
In some areas of Sierra Leone and Liberia, it is known that 10%-16% of people admitted to hospitals have Lassa fever. [1]
Duration of infectiousness and disease
Symptomology
Latency
Asymptomatic Rates
Excretion Rates (see Exposure)
Immunity
Microbiology
A member of the virus family Arenaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus and is zoonotic, or animal-borne [1]
Environmental Survival
Recommended Dose Response Model
Dose response models for Lassa virusExponential, k is 2.95
