Difference between revisions of "Bacillus anthracis"
From QMRAwiki
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| Cutaneous with treatment | | Cutaneous with treatment | ||
| General US Population | | General US Population | ||
| − | | | + | | <ref name=CDC>http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| 20% | | 20% | ||
| Cutaneous without treatment | | Cutaneous without treatment | ||
| General US population | | General US population | ||
| − | | | + | | <ref name=CDC></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| 75% | | 75% | ||
| Inhalation despite treatment | | Inhalation despite treatment | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | | + | | <ref name=CDC></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| 45% | | 45% | ||
| 2001 US Attack | | 2001 US Attack | ||
| Adult US | | Adult US | ||
| − | | ([http://www.annals.org/content/144/4/270 | + | | <ref name=Holty>Holty J, Bravata D, Liu H, Olshen R, Mcdonald K, and Owens D. (2006) Systematic Review: A Century of Inhalational Anthrax Cases from 1900 to 2005. Annals of Internal Medicine. 144, 4. 270-280. [http://www.annals.org/content/144/4/270 Full Text]</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| 14% (5 of 37) | | 14% (5 of 37) | ||
| Cutaneous | | Cutaneous | ||
| Children 1900-2005 | | Children 1900-2005 | ||
| − | | ([http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/161/9/896.pdf | + | | <ref name=Bravata>Bravata D, Holty J, Wang E, Lewis R, Wise P, McDonald K, and Owen D. (2007) Inhalational, Gastrointestinal, and Cutaneous Anthrax in Children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 161 (9): 896-905. [http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/161/9/896.pdf Full Text]</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| 60% | | 60% | ||
| Inhalation | | Inhalation | ||
| Children 1900-2005 | | Children 1900-2005 | ||
| − | | | + | | <ref name=Bravata></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| 65% (13 of 20) | | 65% (13 of 20) | ||
| Gastrointestinal | | Gastrointestinal | ||
| Children 1900-2005 | | Children 1900-2005 | ||
| − | | | + | | <ref name=Bravata></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| 100% (6 of 6) | | 100% (6 of 6) | ||
| primary meningoencephalitis | | primary meningoencephalitis | ||
| Children 1900-2005 | | Children 1900-2005 | ||
| − | | | + | | <ref name=Bravata></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| 1.5% (of 132) | | 1.5% (of 132) | ||
| Not reported | | Not reported | ||
| Hospitalized adults and children, Turkey 1986 to 2000 | | Hospitalized adults and children, Turkey 1986 to 2000 | ||
| − | | ([http://www.springerlink.com/content/v8ctc3ajmnwxhryn/fulltext.pdf | + | | <ref name=Kaya>Kaya A, Tasyaran M, Erol S, Ozkurt Z, and Ozkan B. (2002) Anthrax in Adults and Children: A Review of 132 Cases in Turkey. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 21: 258-261. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/v8ctc3ajmnwxhryn/fulltext.pdf Full Text]</ref> |
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| Cutaneous | | Cutaneous | ||
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| − | | | + | | <ref name=CDC></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| 1-7 days | | 1-7 days | ||
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Ingestion | Ingestion | ||
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| − | | | + | | <ref name=CDC></ref> |
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| 60 (max) | | 60 (max) | ||
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Ingestion | Ingestion | ||
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| − | | | + | | <ref name=CDC></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| 10 Days (SD: 8.67) | | 10 Days (SD: 8.67) | ||
| Inhalation | | Inhalation | ||
| Sverdlovsk 1979 outbreak (70 cases) | | Sverdlovsk 1979 outbreak (70 cases) | ||
| − | | ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15678407 | + | | <ref name=Brookmeyer>Brookmeyer, R., Johnson, E., & Barry, S. (2005). Modelling the incubation period of anthrax. Statistics in Medicine, 24(4), 531–542. doi:10.1002/sim. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15678407</ref> |
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
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| − | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax | + | <references/> |
| − | + | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax <br/> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
[[Category:PSDS]] | [[Category:PSDS]] | ||
[[Category:Bacterium]][[Category:BT category A]] | [[Category:Bacterium]][[Category:BT category A]] | ||
Revision as of 15:23, 22 May 2012
Contents
Bacillus anthracis - Anthrax
Hosts
This bacterium infects multiple types of hosts including herbivorous mammals such as livestock and is considered zoonotic however humans are a dead end host and do not become infectious.
Transmission/Exposure Routes
Cutaneous: skin contact with spores from infected animals.
Gastrointestinal: eating poorly cooked meat/dairy from infected animal.
Inhalation: Inhalation of spores
Case fatality ratio
| Case Fatality Ratio | Pathway/conditions | Population | References |
| 1% | Cutaneous with treatment | General US Population | [1] |
| 20% | Cutaneous without treatment | General US population | [1] |
| 75% | Inhalation despite treatment | [1] | |
| 45% | 2001 US Attack | Adult US | [2] |
| 14% (5 of 37) | Cutaneous | Children 1900-2005 | [3] |
| 60% | Inhalation | Children 1900-2005 | [3] |
| 65% (13 of 20) | Gastrointestinal | Children 1900-2005 | [3] |
| 100% (6 of 6) | primary meningoencephalitis | Children 1900-2005 | [3] |
| 1.5% (of 132) | Not reported | Hospitalized adults and children, Turkey 1986 to 2000 | [4] |
Incubation Times
| Days | Pathway | Population | Reference |
| 0-1 | Cutaneous | [1] | |
| 1-7 days | Inhalation
Ingestion |
[1] | |
| 60 (max) | Inhalation
Ingestion |
[1] | |
| 10 Days (SD: 8.67) | Inhalation | Sverdlovsk 1979 outbreak (70 cases) | [5] |
Burden of Disease
Duration of infectiousness and disease
Anthrax is not contagious and cannot be transmitted from person-to-person.
Symptomology
Flu-like symptoms including: Fever (temperature greater than 100 degrees F). The fever may be accompanied by chills or night sweats. Cough, usually a non-productive cough, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, muscle aches Sore throat, followed by difficulty swallowing, enlarged lymph nodes, headache, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal distress, vomiting, or diarrhea
Excretion Rates (see Exposure)
Immunity
Anthrax vaccination consists of 5 total intramuscular injections, followed by recommended annual boosters to maintain immunity.
Microbiology
Gram +, aerobic, encapsulated, nonmotile, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. Extremely hardy spores can persist for years, even decades.
Envrionmental Survival
Recommended Dose Response model
Dose response models for Bacillus anthracis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/
- ↑ Holty J, Bravata D, Liu H, Olshen R, Mcdonald K, and Owens D. (2006) Systematic Review: A Century of Inhalational Anthrax Cases from 1900 to 2005. Annals of Internal Medicine. 144, 4. 270-280. Full Text
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Bravata D, Holty J, Wang E, Lewis R, Wise P, McDonald K, and Owen D. (2007) Inhalational, Gastrointestinal, and Cutaneous Anthrax in Children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 161 (9): 896-905. Full Text
- ↑ Kaya A, Tasyaran M, Erol S, Ozkurt Z, and Ozkan B. (2002) Anthrax in Adults and Children: A Review of 132 Cases in Turkey. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 21: 258-261. Full Text
- ↑ Brookmeyer, R., Johnson, E., & Barry, S. (2005). Modelling the incubation period of anthrax. Statistics in Medicine, 24(4), 531–542. doi:10.1002/sim. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15678407
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax
