Difference between revisions of "Bacillus anthracis"
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Bravata D, Holty J, Wang E, Lewis R, Wise P, McDonald K, and Owen D. (2007) Inhalational, Gastrointestinal, and Cutaneous Anthrax in Children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 161 (9): 896-905. [http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/161/9/896.pdf Full Text] <br /> | Bravata D, Holty J, Wang E, Lewis R, Wise P, McDonald K, and Owen D. (2007) Inhalational, Gastrointestinal, and Cutaneous Anthrax in Children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 161 (9): 896-905. [http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/161/9/896.pdf Full Text] <br /> | ||
Kaya A, Tasyaran M, Erol S, Ozkurt Z, and Ozkan B. (2002) Anthrax in Adults and Children: A Review of 132 Cases in Turkey. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 21: 258-261. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/v8ctc3ajmnwxhryn/fulltext.pdf Full Text] <br /> | Kaya A, Tasyaran M, Erol S, Ozkurt Z, and Ozkan B. (2002) Anthrax in Adults and Children: A Review of 132 Cases in Turkey. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 21: 258-261. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/v8ctc3ajmnwxhryn/fulltext.pdf Full Text] <br /> | ||
| − | Brookmeyer, R., Johnson, E., & Barry, S. (2005). Modelling the incubation period of anthrax. Statistics in Medicine, 24(4), 531–542. doi:10.1002/sim. [http:// | + | Brookmeyer, R., Johnson, E., & Barry, S. (2005). Modelling the incubation period of anthrax. Statistics in Medicine, 24(4), 531–542. doi:10.1002/sim. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15678407}} <br /> |
[[Category:PSDS]] | [[Category:PSDS]] | ||
[[Category:Bacterium]][[Category:BT category A]] | [[Category:Bacterium]][[Category:BT category A]] | ||
Revision as of 14:52, 22 May 2012
Contents
Bacillus anthracis - Anthrax
Hosts
This bacterium infects multiple types of hosts including herbivorous mammals such as livestock and is considered zoonotic however humans are a dead end host and do not become infectious.
Transmission/Exposure Routes
Cutaneous: skin contact with spores from infected animals.
Gastrointestinal: eating poorly cooked meat/dairy from infected animal.
Inhalation: Inhalation of spores
Case fatality ratio
| Case Fatality Ratio | Pathway/conditions | Population | References |
| 1% | Cutaneous with treatment | General US Population | (CDC) |
| 20% | Cutaneous without treatment | General US population | (CDC) |
| 75% | Inhalation despite treatment | (CDC) | |
| 45% | 2001 US Attack | Adult US | (Holty et al, 2006) |
| 14% (5 of 37) | Cutaneous | Children 1900-2005 | (Bravata et al, 2007) |
| 60% | Inhalation | Children 1900-2005 | (Bravata et al, 2007) |
| 65% (13 of 20) | Gastrointestinal | Children 1900-2005 | (Bravata et al, 2007) |
| 100% (6 of 6) | primary meningoencephalitis | Children 1900-2005 | (Bravata et al, 2007) |
| 1.5% (of 132) | Not reported | Hospitalized adults and children, Turkey 1986 to 2000 | (Kaya et al, 2002) |
Incubation Times
| Days | Pathway | Population | Reference |
| 0-1 | Cutaneous | (CDC) | |
| 1-7 days | Inhalation
Ingestion |
(CDC) | |
| 60 (max) | Inhalation
Ingestion |
(CDC) | |
| 10 Days (SD: 8.67) | Inhalation | Sverdlovsk 1979 outbreak (70 cases) | (Brookmeyer et al, 2005) |
Burden of Disease
Duration of infectiousness and disease
Anthrax is not contagious and cannot be transmitted from person-to-person.
Symptomology
Flu-like symptoms including: Fever (temperature greater than 100 degrees F). The fever may be accompanied by chills or night sweats. Cough, usually a non-productive cough, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, muscle aches Sore throat, followed by difficulty swallowing, enlarged lymph nodes, headache, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal distress, vomiting, or diarrhea
Excretion Rates (see Exposure)
Immunity
Anthrax vaccination consists of 5 total intramuscular injections, followed by recommended annual boosters to maintain immunity.
Microbiology
Gram +, aerobic, encapsulated, nonmotile, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. Extremely hardy spores can persist for years, even decades.
Envrionmental Survival
Recommended Dose Response model
Dose response models for Bacillus anthracis
References
CDC Anthrax Page
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax
Holty J, Bravata D, Liu H, Olshen R, Mcdonald K, and Owens D. (2006) Systematic Review: A Century of Inhalational Anthrax Cases from 1900 to 2005. Annals of Internal Medicine. 144, 4. 270-280. Full Text
Bravata D, Holty J, Wang E, Lewis R, Wise P, McDonald K, and Owen D. (2007) Inhalational, Gastrointestinal, and Cutaneous Anthrax in Children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 161 (9): 896-905. Full Text
Kaya A, Tasyaran M, Erol S, Ozkurt Z, and Ozkan B. (2002) Anthrax in Adults and Children: A Review of 132 Cases in Turkey. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 21: 258-261. Full Text
Brookmeyer, R., Johnson, E., & Barry, S. (2005). Modelling the incubation period of anthrax. Statistics in Medicine, 24(4), 531–542. doi:10.1002/sim. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15678407}}
