Rickettsia rickettsi: Dose Response Models
Contents
- 1 Rickettsia rickettsii
- 1.1 Overview: Rickettsia rickettsi and Spotted Fever
- 1.2 Summary Data
- 1.3 *Recommended Model
- 1.4 Optimization Output for experiment 300 (Rickettsia rickettsi)
- 1.5 Optimization Output for experiment 301 (Rickettsia rickettsi)
- 1.6 Optimization Output for experiment 300 and 3001 (Rickettsia rickettsi)
- 1.7 Optimization Output for experiment 244 (Rickettsia rickettsi)
- 1.8 Optimization Output for experiment 245
- 1.9 References
Rickettsia rickettsii
Overview: Rickettsia rickettsi and Spotted Fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a disease endemic to North America is caused by Rickettsia rickettsi. The bacterium is delivered to the victim by a tick bite, and is the most lethal disease of all Rickettsial illnesses, especially in the United States. While the main vector for the disease is via an insect (most typically a tick), there has been evidence cited in Saslaw and Carlisle (1966) that aerosol dissemination and infection can be possible as well. This form of exposure to the bacterium can still develop into the lethal form of the disease, therefore, aerosol animal models were needed.
Typically rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF) can be a misnomer, as the disease neither originated from this area of America and Canada, nor is it isolated to just this region or these countries. As the bacterium has been known to cause RMSF in south and central America as well. RMSF presents with sudden onset of flu-like symptoms, followed by the onset of a spotty rash, similar to pox, yet not raised above the skin as a pox is. Patients often require hospitalization from infection and can be fatal is not treated immediately and aggressively.
Summary Data
Saslaw and Carlisle in 1966 studied the aerosol infectivity of R. rickettsii in monkeys. Rhesus monkeys were challenged with aerosolized pathogens and morbidity as well as mortality was observed (Saslaw and Carlisle 1966). Dupont et al. carried out a study of R. rickettsii (Sheila Smith) in human volunteers via the intradermal route(Dupont, Hornick et al. 1973). Sammons et al. exposed Macaca mulatta (Rhesus monkey) to R. rickettsii (strain Sheila Smith) via different routes to find the changes in blood serum constituents(Sammons, Kenyon et al. 1976).
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*Recommended Model
The pooled model of human exposed intradermally and aerosol exposed rhesus monkey is the recommended model. Intradermal route is the one of the natural routes of infection and aerosol route might be an accidental or intentional route. Moreover, the experiment 301 was conducted with human volunteers.
Optimization Output for experiment 300 (Rickettsia rickettsi)
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Optimization Output for experiment 301 (Rickettsia rickettsi)
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Optimization Output for experiment 300 and 3001 (Rickettsia rickettsi)
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Optimization Output for experiment 244 (Rickettsia rickettsi)
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Optimization Output for experiment 245
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References
- ↑ Saslaw, S. and Carlisle, H.N. (1966) Aerosol Infection of Monkeys with Rickettsia Rickettsi. Bacteriological Reviews 30(3): 636-644 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC378256/pdf/bactrev00060-0166.pdf Full text and Dupont HL, Hornick RB, Dawkins AT, Heiner GG, Fabrikan.Ib, Wisseman CL and Woodward TE (1973) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - Comparative Study of Active Immunity Induced by Inactivated and Viable Pathogenic Rickettsia ricketsii. Journal of Infectious Diseases 128(3), 340-344.
- ↑ Saslaw, S. and Carlisle, H.N. (1966) Aerosol Infection of Monkeys with Rickettsia Rickettsi. Bacteriological Reviews 30(3): 636-644 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC378256/pdf/bactrev00060-0166.pdf Full text
- ↑ Dupont HL, Hornick RB, Dawkins AT, Heiner GG, Fabrikan.Ib, Wisseman CL and Woodward TE (1973) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - Comparative Study of Active Immunity Induced by Inactivated and Viable Pathogenic Rickettsia ricketsii. Journal of Infectious Diseases 128(3), 340-344.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Saslaw, S. and Carlisle, H.N. (1966) Aerosol Infection of Monkeys with Rickettsia Rickettsi. Bacteriological Reviews 30(3): 636-644 Full text
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Sammons, L.S., Kenyon, R.H. and Pedersen, C.E. Jr. (1976) Effect of Vaccination Schedule on Immune Response of Macca mulata to Cell Culture-Grown Rock Mountain Spotted Fever Vaccine. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 4(3): 253-257
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Saslaw, S. and Carlisle, H.N. (1966) Aerosol Infection of Monkeys with Rickettsia Rickettsi. Bacteriological Reviews 30(3): 636-644 Full text Cite error: Invalid
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Dupont HL, Hornick RB, Dawkins AT, Heiner GG, Fabrikan.Ib, Wisseman CL and Woodward TE (1973) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - Comparative Study of Active Immunity Induced by Inactivated and Viable Pathogenic Rickettsia ricketsii. Journal of Infectious Diseases 128(3), 340-344.
Saslaw S and Carlisle HN (1966) Aerosol infection of monkeys with Rickettsia rickettsii. Bacteriological Reviews 30(3), 636-645.
Sammons LS, Kenyon RH and Pedersen CE (1976) Effect of vaccination schedule on immune response of Macaca mulatta to cell culture-grown Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccine. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 4(3), 253-257.