Influenza virus
- Hosts
- Transmission/Exposure Routes
- Case Fatality Ratio
- Incubation Times
- Burden of Disease
- Microbiology
- Environmental Survival
- Recommended Dose Response Model
Human and animal
Transmission of influenza from poultry or pigs to humans occurs by direct contact with infected animals. The risk is especially high during slaughter and preparation for consumption; eating properly cooked meat poses no risk. Avian influenza can also be spread through exposure to water and surfaces contaminated by bird droppings. Influenza viruses spread from human to human via aerosols created by coughs or sneezes of infected individuals. Influenza virus infection occurs after inhalation of the aerosol by a person who is immunologically susceptible. [1]
18-72 hours[1]
Each year approximately 500,000 deaths worldwide are attributed to Influenza virus infection. [4] Influenza can cause seasonal, endemic, and sometimes pandemic infections. The worst pandemic, in 1918, killed approximately 50 million people worldwide. [5]
Duration of infectiousness and disease
Infected individuals often see symptoms for 7-10 days. [5] Influenza virus is contagious and is transmittable 1 day before symptoms appear and up to 7 days after becoming ill. [2]
Symptomology
Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue, vomiting and diarrhea (common in children). Pneumonia can develop as a result of Influenza virus infection. [2]
Latency
Asymptomatic Rates
Excretion Rates (see Exposure)
Immunity
Seasonal Influenza vaccines are sufficient to protect from the most common forms of Influenza virus. [2]
Encapsulated, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae[1]
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 emedicine.medscape
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Heron M, Hoyert D, Murphy SL, Xu J, Kochanek KD, Tejada-Vera B. Division of Vital Statistics. Deaths: Final Data for 2006. National Vital Statistics Reports. National Center for Health Statistics. Full Text Cite error: Invalid
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tag; name "CDC" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Xu J, Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Tejada-Vera B. Division of Vital Statistics. Deaths: Final Data for 2007. National Vital Statistics Reports. National Center for Health Statistics. Full Text
- ↑ http://jvi.asm.org/content/84/8/3974.long
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18039138